Ammonium ferric citrate
[CAS# 1185-57-5]

Identification

• Classification: API >> Blood system medication >> Anti-anemia drug
• Name: Ammonium ferric citrate
• Synonyms: Ammonium iron(III) citrate; Ferric ammonium citrate
• Molecular Formula: FeC₆H₅O₇^.NH₄OH;C₆H₁₀FeNO₈
• Molecular Weight: 279.99
• CAS Registry Number: 1185-57-5
• EC Number: 214-686-6
• SMILES: C(C(=O)[O-])C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])O.N.[Fe+3]

Properties

• Water solubility: 1200 g/L (20 ºC)

Safety Data

• Hazard Symbols: GHS07 Warning
• Hazard Statements: H315-H319
• Precautionary Statements: P264-P264+P265-P280-P302+P352-P305+P351+P338-P321-P332+P317-P337+P317-P362+P364

Hazard Classification

Hazard	Class	Category Code	Hazard Statement
Skin irritation	Skin Irrit.	2	H315
Eye irritation	Eye Irrit.	2	H319
Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure	STOT SE	3	H335
Acute toxicity	Acute Tox.	4	H302
Serious eye damage	Eye Dam.	1	H318

• Transport Information: UN 9118

Discovory and Applicatios

Ammonium ferric citrate, a complex salt of iron, ammonium, and citric acid, was discovered in the 19th century. It was first prepared by chemists who recognized the potential of combining citric acid's chelating ability with iron to create a more soluble and bioavailable form of iron. The compound's discovery and subsequent characterization marked significant progress in the development of iron supplements and treatments for iron deficiency. Its green and brown variants have been studied for their differing solubility and iron content, making them suitable for various applications.

Ammonium ferric citrate is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry as an iron supplement to treat and prevent iron deficiency anemia. It provides a bioavailable source of iron, which is essential for the production of hemoglobin and the transportation of oxygen in the blood. This compound is included in oral iron supplements and fortified foods. Its favorable solubility and mild gastrointestinal effects make it suitable for long-term use.

In the food industry, ammonium ferric citrate is used as a nutrient supplement and color stabilizer. It is added to certain food products, including breakfast cereals, dairy products, and beverages, to increase their iron content. As a food additive, it helps address iron deficiencies in populations where dietary iron intake is insufficient. Additionally, it can stabilize colors in food products, enhancing their appearance and shelf life.

Ammonium ferric citrate plays a crucial role in traditional photography, particularly in the cyanotype printing process. In cyanotypes, the compound is mixed with potassium ferricyanide to form a photosensitive solution. When exposed to light, this solution produces a cyan-blue image, hence the name cyanotype. This process, dating back to the 19th century, is still used for artistic and educational purposes to create distinctive blueprints and photographic prints.

Ammonium ferric citrate is utilized in water treatment processes as a flocculant and coagulant. It helps remove suspended particles and impurities from water, improving its clarity and quality. The compound's ability to form complexes with various contaminants makes it effective in treating both drinking water and wastewater. Its application in water treatment contributes to the purification of water sources, ensuring safe and clean water for consumption and environmental protection.

In the medical field, ammonium ferric citrate is used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a contrast agent. Its iron content enhances the contrast of images, allowing for better visualization of internal structures and tissues. This application is particularly valuable in diagnosing and monitoring various medical conditions, including tumors, vascular diseases, and organ dysfunctions. Its effectiveness as a contrast agent contributes to the accuracy and reliability of MRI diagnostics.

In agriculture, ammonium ferric citrate is employed as a micronutrient in fertilizers to correct iron deficiencies in soil. It helps improve the growth and development of plants by supplying essential iron, which is crucial for chlorophyll production and photosynthesis. This application is particularly important in regions with iron-deficient soils, where it helps promote healthy crop yields and plant vitality.