Geraniol
[CAS# 106-24-1]

Identification

• Classification: API >> Respiratory medication >> Asthma
• Name: Geraniol
• Synonyms: (2E)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol
• Molecular Formula: C₁₀H₁₈O
• Molecular Weight: 154.25
• CAS Registry Number: 106-24-1 (8007-13-4)
• EC Number: 203-377-1
• FEMA: 2507
• SMILES: CC(=CCC/C(=C/CO)/C)C

Properties

• Density: 0.878
• Melting point: -15 °C
• Boiling point: 229-230 °C
• Refractive index: 1.475-1.479
• Flash point: 76 °C
• Water solubility: PRACTICALLY INSOLUBLE

Safety Data

• Hazard Symbols: CGHS05;GHS07 Danger
• Risk Statements: H315-H317-H318
• Safety Statements: P261-P264-P264+P265-P272-P280-P302+P352-P305+P354+P338-P317-P321-P332+P317-P333+P317-P362+P364-P501

Hazard Classification

Hazard	Class	Category Code	Hazard Statement
Skin irritation	Skin Irrit.	2	H315
Skin sensitization	Skin Sens.	1	H317
Serious eye damage	Eye Dam.	1	H318
Skin sensitization	Skin Sens.	1B	H317
Chronic hazardous to the aquatic environment	Aquatic Chronic	2	H411
Chronic hazardous to the aquatic environment	Aquatic Chronic	3	H412
Eye irritation	Eye Irrit.	2	H319
Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure	STOT SE	3	H335
Flammable liquids	Flam. Liq.	4	H227

Discovery and Applications

Geraniol, a naturally occurring monoterpene alcohol, was first discovered in the early 19th century by the German chemist Carl Reichenbach. It was isolated from various essential oils, including rose, geranium, and citronella. Reichenbach's work contributed to the understanding of the chemical composition of essential oils and the identification of their key components. Geraniol's distinct floral aroma and therapeutic properties sparked interest in its potential applications in perfumery, medicine, and other industries.

Geraniol is a prized ingredient in perfumery due to its pleasant floral scent reminiscent of roses. It is widely used in perfumes, colognes, and fragrances for its sweet and rosy aroma. Geraniol enhances the top, middle, and base notes of fragrances, imparting a fresh and feminine character. It blends well with other floral, citrus, and woody notes, contributing to the complexity and longevity of perfumes.

In the food industry, geraniol is utilized as a flavoring agent and natural additive. Its floral and fruity notes enhance the flavor profile of various products, including desserts, beverages, and confectionery. Geraniol is commonly found in rose-flavored foods and drinks, imparting a delicate and aromatic taste. It is also used in herbal teas and aromatics, adding a refreshing and floral touch.

Geraniol is valued in aromatherapy for its therapeutic properties and mood-enhancing effects. It is known for its calming and relaxing properties, making it beneficial for reducing stress, anxiety, and tension. Geraniol essential oil is diffused or used in massage blends to create a soothing atmosphere and promote emotional well-being. Its floral aroma is comforting and uplifting, making it a popular choice for aromatherapy practitioners and enthusiasts.

Geraniol possesses natural insect-repelling properties, making it an effective ingredient in insect repellent formulations. It is particularly effective against mosquitoes, flies, and other flying insects. Geraniol-based repellents are commonly found in sprays, lotions, candles, and outdoor products, providing protection against insect bites while enjoying outdoor activities. Its natural origin and pleasant scent make it a preferred choice for individuals seeking chemical-free insect protection.

Geraniol is used in cosmetics and personal care products for its fragrance and skin-conditioning properties. It is added to lotions, creams, and skincare formulations for its aromatic benefits and moisturizing effects. Geraniol helps to enhance the scent of products while providing additional benefits for the skin. Its soothing and hydrating properties make it suitable for various skincare applications, promoting soft and supple skin.

Geraniol exhibits potential pharmacological properties, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. It is being studied for its therapeutic potential in various medicinal applications, including herbal medicine and traditional remedies. Geraniol may have applications in treating skin conditions, respiratory ailments, and inflammatory disorders. Research is ongoing to explore its efficacy and safety in pharmaceutical formulations and herbal remedies.

References

2025. Antimicrobial activity of essential oil components against Escherichia coli depends on the food components present in a food matrix. Food Microbiology, 126.
DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2024.104638

2024. Select terpenes from Cannabis sativa are antinociceptive in mouse models of post-operative pain and fibromyalgia via adenosine A2a receptors. Pharmacological Reports, 76.
DOI: 10.1007/s43440-024-00687-1

2024. Aroma Alchemy: Uridine diphosphate-dependent glycosyltransferases mediated regulation of fruit aroma and flavor biosynthesis. Phytochemistry Reviews.
DOI: 10.1007/s11101-024-10049-7