Nicotinamide ribonucleotide
[CAS# 1094-61-7]

Identification

• Classification: Biochemical >> Enzymes and coenzymes
• Name: Nicotinamide ribonucleotide
• Synonyms: Nicotinamide mononucleotide; Nicotinamide ribonucleoside 5'-phosphate; Nicotinamide ribonucleotide; Nicotinamide ribotide; beta-D-NMN; beta-NMN
• Molecular Formula: C₁₁H₁₅N₂O₈P
• Molecular Weight: 334.22
• CAS Registry Number: 1094-61-7
• EC Number: 214-136-5
• SMILES: C1=CC(=C[N+](=C1)[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)COP(=O)(O)[O-])O)O)C(=O)N

Safety Data

• Hazard Symbols: GHS07 Warning
• Risk Statements: H315-H319-H335
• Safety Statements: P261-P305+P351+P338

Discovery and Applications

Nicotinamide ribonucleotide (NMN) is a nucleotide derived from ribose and nicotinamide, a form of vitamin B3. The discovery of NMN dates back to early studies on the biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a crucial coenzyme in cellular metabolism. Researchers identified NMN as an intermediate in the NAD+ biosynthesis pathway.

One of the most prominent applications of NMN is in the field of anti-aging research. NMN supplementation has been shown to increase NAD+ levels in cells, which decline with age. Higher NAD+ levels are associated with improved mitochondrial function, enhanced DNA repair, and better cellular health.

NMN plays a crucial role in regulating metabolic processes, making it a promising candidate for treating metabolic disorders. By boosting NAD+ levels, NMN enhances the function of enzymes involved in energy production and lipid metabolism. Research has shown that NMN supplementation can improve insulin sensitivity, reduce inflammation, and mitigate the effects of obesity and type 2 diabetes in animal models.

The neuroprotective properties of NMN have been explored in the context of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. NAD+ is essential for neuronal survival and function, and its depletion is linked to neurodegeneration. NMN supplementation has been shown to protect neurons, enhance cognitive function, and reduce neuroinflammation in animal models.

Cardiovascular health is another area where NMN shows promise. NAD+ levels are critical for maintaining the function of the cardiovascular system, including the health of blood vessels and the heart. Research indicates that NMN can improve endothelial function, enhance blood flow, and reduce the risk of atherosclerosis.

NMN's ability to enhance mitochondrial function and energy production has also led to interest in its potential to improve athletic performance. By increasing NAD+ levels, NMN may boost endurance, reduce fatigue, and enhance recovery in athletes.

References

Lin Hening. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide: beyond a redox coenzyme, Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, 2007