Calcium pantothenate
[CAS# 137-08-6]

Identification

• Classification: Pharmaceutical intermediate >> Heterocyclic compound intermediate >> Thiophene compound
• Name: Calcium pantothenate
• Synonyms: Vitamin B5; Pantothenic acid calcium salt; D-(+)-Pantothenic acid calcium salt
• Molecular Formula: C₁₈H₃₂CaN₂O₁₀
• Molecular Weight: 476.54
• CAS Registry Number: 137-08-6
• EC Number: 205-278-9
• SMILES: CC(C)(CO)[C@H](C(=O)NCCC(=O)[O-])O.CC(C)(CO)[C@H](C(=O)NCCC(=O)[O-])O.[Ca+2]

Properties

• Melting point: 190 °C
• alpha: 26.5 ° (c=5, in water)

Safety Data

• Hazard Symbols: GHS07 Warning
• Risk Statements: H302-H315-H319-H335
• Safety Statements: P261-P305+P351+P338

Discovery and Applications

Calcium pantothenate, also known as calcium D-pantothenate, is a calcium salt of pantothenic acid, which is a water-soluble vitamin essential for human and animal health. It is commonly recognized as vitamin B5, playing a crucial role in various metabolic processes, including the synthesis of coenzyme A, fatty acid metabolism, and the synthesis of neurotransmitters. This compound is typically found as a white crystalline powder and is used in both nutritional supplements and food fortification.

The discovery of pantothenic acid can be traced back to the early 1930s when scientists began to identify various vitamins necessary for human health. In 1933, Dr. R.T. Holman and his colleagues at the University of California isolated pantothenic acid from yeast. This discovery was pivotal in understanding the importance of this vitamin in cellular metabolism. Subsequent research into the chemical structure of pantothenic acid led to the identification of its calcium salt, calcium pantothenate, which is more stable and less hygroscopic than pantothenic acid itself, making it suitable for commercial applications.

Calcium pantothenate is primarily used as a dietary supplement and food additive. It serves as a source of vitamin B5, which is vital for energy production and the synthesis of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. It is commonly added to various food products, including cereals, dairy products, and nutritional bars, to enhance their nutritional value. The compound is also included in multivitamin formulations to ensure adequate intake of pantothenic acid, which is essential for maintaining overall health and preventing deficiencies.

In addition to its role as a dietary supplement, calcium pantothenate is utilized in the cosmetic and personal care industries. It is incorporated into various skincare products, shampoos, and conditioners due to its moisturizing properties and ability to promote skin health. Calcium pantothenate is believed to enhance the barrier function of the skin, improve hydration, and support the healing of damaged tissues. Its use in hair care products is associated with improving the texture and appearance of hair, making it softer and more manageable.

The pharmaceutical industry also recognizes the importance of calcium pantothenate. It is used in formulations aimed at treating various health conditions related to vitamin B5 deficiency, which can manifest as fatigue, irritability, and digestive issues. While severe deficiencies are rare, supplementation with calcium pantothenate may be beneficial in certain populations, such as the elderly or those with specific dietary restrictions.

Moreover, calcium pantothenate has applications in animal nutrition. It is added to livestock feed to promote growth, enhance feed efficiency, and support overall health. The compound is particularly important in poultry and swine production, where adequate levels of vitamin B5 are necessary for optimal growth and development.

Despite its widespread use and safety profile, it is essential to adhere to recommended dosages when using calcium pantothenate, as excessive intake can lead to gastrointestinal disturbances. The compound is generally recognized as safe when used appropriately, and adverse effects are rare.

In conclusion, calcium pantothenate is a vital compound that serves various functions in nutrition, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Its discovery marked a significant advancement in understanding the role of vitamins in human health, and its applications continue to impact various industries today. The ongoing research into the benefits and uses of calcium pantothenate highlights its importance in promoting health and well-being.

References

2024. Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for enhanced production of D-pantothenic acid. Bioresource Technology, 409.
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131352

2024. Coenzyme A biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis: discovery of a novel precursor metabolite for salvage and its uptake system. mBio, 15(10).
DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01772-24

2024. A therapeutic approach to pantothenate kinase associated neurodegeneration: a pilot study. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, 19(1).
DOI: 10.1186/s13023-024-03453-x