3-Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane
[CAS# 13822-56-5]

Identification

• Classification: Chemical reagent >> Organic reagent >> Silane
• Name: 3-Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane
• Synonyms: 3-(Trimethoxysilyl)-1-propanamine
• Molecular Formula: C₆H₁₇NO₃Si
• Molecular Weight: 179.29
• CAS Registry Number: 13822-56-5
• EC Number: 237-511-5
• SMILES: CO[Si](CCCN)(OC)OC

Properties

• Density: 1.01
• Boiling point: 194 °C
• Refractive index: 1.423-1.425
• Flash point: 92 °C
• Water solubility: reacts

Safety Data

• Hazard Symbols: GHS05;GHS07 Danger
• Risk Statements: H314-H315-H318-H319
• Safety Statements: P260-P264-P264+P265-P280-P301+P330+P331-P302+P352-P302+P361+P354-P304+P340-P305+P351+P338-P305+P354+P338-P316-P317-P321-P332+P317-P337+P317-P362+P364-P363-P405-P501

Hazard Classification

Hazard	Class	Category Code	Hazard Statement
Eye irritation	Eye Irrit.	2	H319
Skin corrosion	Skin Corr.	1B	H314
Skin irritation	Skin Irrit.	2	H315
Serious eye damage	Eye Dam.	1	H318
Flammable liquids	Flam. Liq.	3	H226
Reproductive toxicity	Repr.	1B	H360
Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure	STOT SE	3	H335
Skin corrosion	Skin Corr.	1	H314
Chronic hazardous to the aquatic environment	Aquatic Chronic	4	H413
Skin corrosion	Skin Corr.	1C	H314

Discovery and Applications

3-Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, often abbreviated as APTMS, is an organosilane compound widely recognized for its versatile applications in various fields, including materials science, surface chemistry, and biotechnology. This chemical is characterized by its amino group, which provides reactive sites for bonding with various substrates, making it valuable in the formulation of coatings, adhesives, and composites. APTMS is typically presented as a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a characteristic odor, and it is soluble in organic solvents.

The discovery of 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane can be traced back to the mid-20th century, during a period when organosilane chemistry was gaining traction. Research into silanes intensified as scientists sought to understand their unique properties and potential applications. The ability to modify surfaces and enhance the adhesion of materials through silane coupling agents was a significant breakthrough, leading to the development of a wide array of functionalized silanes, including APTMS. The compound’s structure includes a trimethoxysilane group that can hydrolyze to form silanol, allowing it to bond effectively to inorganic surfaces.

One of the primary applications of 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane is as a coupling agent in the production of composite materials. By improving the interfacial bonding between organic polymers and inorganic fillers, APTMS enhances the mechanical properties of composites, making them stronger and more durable. This property is particularly beneficial in industries such as construction, automotive, and aerospace, where the performance of composite materials is critical.

In addition to its role in composites, APTMS is extensively used in surface modification processes. The compound can be applied to glass, metals, and ceramics to create hydrophilic or hydrophobic surfaces, depending on the desired outcome. For example, treating surfaces with APTMS can significantly improve the adhesion of paints and coatings, leading to better durability and performance. This capability is also harnessed in the manufacturing of sensors and electronic devices, where surface properties play a crucial role in device functionality.

3-Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane is also notable for its applications in the field of biotechnology. Its amino functional groups allow for the attachment of biomolecules, such as proteins and enzymes, to surfaces, enabling the development of biosensors and diagnostic devices. APTMS-treated surfaces facilitate the immobilization of biological agents, enhancing the sensitivity and specificity of biosensing platforms. This application has significant implications in medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and food safety testing.

In the realm of pharmaceuticals, APTMS is used to modify drug delivery systems. By attaching drugs to silane-modified carriers, it is possible to enhance drug solubility, stability, and bioavailability. This approach opens avenues for developing more effective therapeutic formulations, particularly for poorly soluble compounds.

While 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane is generally considered safe when used appropriately, handling precautions should be observed due to its potential irritant effects. Prolonged exposure to APTMS vapors can cause respiratory irritation, and contact with skin and eyes should be avoided. Therefore, personal protective equipment, such as gloves and goggles, is recommended during its handling and application.

In summary, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane is a versatile organosilane compound with significant applications in materials science, surface modification, and biotechnology. Its discovery marked a crucial advancement in the understanding of silane chemistry and its potential uses across various industries. The ability to enhance bonding, modify surface properties, and facilitate biomolecule attachment highlights the compound’s importance in modern technology and research.

References

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