Solvent Red 135
[CAS# 20749-68-2]

Identification

• Classification: Dyes and pigments >> Dyes >> Solvent dye
• Name: Solvent Red 135
• Synonyms: C.I. 564120; Solvent Red 162; 8,9,10,11-Tetrachloro-12H-phthaloperin-12-one
• Molecular Formula: C₁₈H₆Cl₄N₂O
• Molecular Weight: 408.07
• CAS Registry Number: 20749-68-2 (71902-17-5)
• EC Number: 244-007-9
• SMILES: C1=CC2=C3C(=C1)N=C4C5=C(C(=C(C(=C5Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)C(=O)N4C3=CC=C2

Properties

• Density: 1.8±0.1 g/cm³, Calc.^*
• Index of Refraction: 1.809, Calc.^*
• Boiling Point: 646.3±65.0 °C (760 mmHg), Calc.^*
• Flash Point: 344.6±34.3 °C, Calc.^*

^* Calculated using Advanced Chemistry Development (ACD/Labs) Software.

Safety Data

• Hazard Symbols: GHS07 Warning
• Risk Statements: H315-H319-H335
• Safety Statements: P261-P305+P351+P338

Hazard Classification

Hazard	Class	Category Code	Hazard Statement
Chronic hazardous to the aquatic environment	Aquatic Chronic	4	H413

Discovery and Applications

Solvent Red 135 is a synthetic dye that belongs to the class of azo dyes. It is primarily used as a colorant in various applications, particularly in the industrial sector. The dye is characterized by its deep red color, which is derived from the presence of the azo group (-N=N-) that links two aromatic rings. Solvent Red 135 is typically utilized in the coloring of organic solvents, oils, and other non-water-based systems.

The discovery of Solvent Red 135, like many other azo dyes, is rooted in the development of synthetic dyes in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The first azo dyes were developed through the reaction of aromatic amines with diazonium salts, a process that leads to the formation of the characteristic azo linkage. Solvent Red 135 is one of many commercial azo dyes produced through this method, and it has been studied for its ability to impart color to solvents and oils in a stable and vibrant manner.

The primary application of Solvent Red 135 is as a colorant in a range of industrial products. It is most commonly used in the coloring of fuels, lubricants, and other petroleum products. The dye is also used in the production of inks and paints, where its bright red hue provides an aesthetically pleasing finish. Additionally, Solvent Red 135 has been employed in the textile industry, particularly in the coloration of synthetic fibers and fabrics. Its stability and solubility in non-aqueous systems make it particularly well-suited for use in products where water-based dyes would not be effective.

One of the notable applications of Solvent Red 135 is in the automotive and fuel industries, where it is used to color diesel fuels, gasoline, and other petroleum products. The addition of this dye to fuel products allows for easy identification and differentiation of various grades or formulations. For example, it is common practice to add Solvent Red 135 to off-road diesel fuel to distinguish it from regular on-road diesel fuel, which is subject to different tax rates and regulations. The dye serves as a traceable marker, helping authorities monitor the use of fuel and ensure compliance with regulations.

In the chemical industry, Solvent Red 135 is used in a variety of formulations that require a stable, vibrant red color. This includes its use in the production of lubricants, hydraulic oils, and other industrial fluids. Its ability to remain stable and provide consistent coloration in harsh environments makes it a valuable component in the formulation of such products.

The chemical structure of Solvent Red 135, which includes the azo group and aromatic rings, imparts stability and solubility in non-polar solvents, further enhancing its effectiveness as a colorant for non-aqueous systems. The dye is also known for its excellent light and heat stability, which contributes to its long-lasting performance in industrial applications.

Solvent Red 135, like other azo dyes, can be toxic in certain concentrations and should be handled with care. It is important to follow appropriate safety protocols when using the dye in industrial processes to prevent exposure to harmful chemicals. Environmental considerations are also taken into account when using such dyes, and manufacturers are required to comply with regulations regarding the disposal and handling of chemical waste.

Overall, Solvent Red 135 is a well-established dye with a broad range of applications in industrial, automotive, and chemical sectors. Its ability to impart a stable and vibrant red color to various non-aqueous systems makes it a valuable compound in the production of fuels, lubricants, inks, and paints.

References

1998. Dyes for the mass coloration of plastics. Polymer Science and Technology Series.
DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-5862-6_25

2021. Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activity of Transition Metals Schiff Base Complexes Derived from 4,6-Diacetylresorcinol and 1,8-Naphthalenediamine. Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials, 31(5).
DOI: 10.1007/s10904-020-01867-1

EPA Chemical Data Reporting.
URL: https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting