2-Hydroxyethylurea
[CAS# 2078-71-9]

Identification

• Classification: Chemical reagent >> Organic reagent >> Urea
• Name: 2-Hydroxyethylurea
• Synonyms: (2-Hydroxyethyl)urea
• Molecular Formula: C₃H₈N₂O₂
• Molecular Weight: 104.11
• Protein Sequence: G
• CAS Registry Number: 2078-71-9
• EC Number: 640-848-4
• SMILES: C(CO)NC(=O)N

Properties

• Melting point: 164-169 °C

Safety Data

• Hazard Symbols: GHS07 Warning
• Risk Statements: H315-H319-H335
• Safety Statements: P261-P305+P351+P338

Hazard Classification

Hazard	Class	Category Code	Hazard Statement
Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure	STOT SE	3	H335
Skin irritation	Skin Irrit.	2	H315
Eye irritation	Eye Irrit.	2A	H319
Eye irritation	Eye Irrit.	2	H319

Discovery and Applications

2-Hydroxyethyl urea, with the chemical formula C3H8N2O2, is a versatile compound that is primarily recognized for its exceptional moisturizing properties. Its discovery and subsequent applications have contributed significantly to the cosmetics and personal care industry.

The discovery of 2-Hydroxyethyl urea dates back to the mid-20th century, when researchers were exploring new compounds that could potentially benefit skin moisturization. The compound is a derivative of urea, a well-known humectant and moisturizer. The addition of a hydroxyethyl group to the urea molecule enhances its ability to attract and retain water, making 2-Hydroxyethyl urea an exceptional moisturizer.

One of the main applications of 2-Hydroxyethyl urea is in skin care products. It is widely used in moisturizers, lotions, creams, and serums due to its ability to improve skin moisturization and suppleness. Unlike some moisturizers that leave a greasy residue, 2-Hydroxyethyl urea is known for its non-greasy feel and ability to provide long-lasting moisturization. This makes it ideal for leave-on and rinse-off products.

2-Hydroxyethyl urea hydrates the skin through its moisturizing properties. It draws moisture from deeper layers of the skin and the surrounding environment and holds it in the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the skin. This hydration helps maintain the skin barrier function, improves elasticity, and reduces the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

In addition to its moisturizing benefits, 2-hydroxyethyl urea is valued for its role in enhancing the stability and efficacy of cosmetic formulations. It can improve the texture and spreadability of products, making them more comfortable to use. In addition, it has been found to work synergistically with other active ingredients to enhance their penetration and effectiveness.

In addition to skincare, 2-hydroxyethyl urea can also be used in hair care products. It can be used in shampoos, conditioners, and masks to provide moisture to the hair and improve its manageability. Its moisturizing properties help reduce dryness, frizz, and breakage, resulting in healthier, shinier hair.

Another important application of 2-hydroxyethyl urea is in the pharmaceutical industry. It is used in topical formulations to more effectively deliver active pharmaceutical ingredients. Its ability to enhance skin permeability makes it an important ingredient in transdermal drug delivery systems. In addition, it is used in dermatological treatments to provide moisture and promote healing for conditions such as eczema and psoriasis.

References

2010. Investigation of product composition produced by degradation of monoethanolamines in absorption cleaning of exhaust gas. Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, 83(6).
DOI: 10.1134/s1070427210060443

2023. Studying the Sorption of Carbon Dioxide by Modified Silica Gel with 2-Hydroxyethylcarbamate. Glass Physics and Chemistry, 49(2).
DOI: 10.1134/s1087659622601149

2001. Synthesis of 1-hydroxyalkyl-3-substituted ureas and thioureas as a substrates for alcohol dehydrogenase. Bioorganicheskaia Khimiia, 27(5).
DOI: 10.1023/a:1011385405611