Vat Black 27
[CAS# 2379-81-9]

Identification

• Classification: Dyes and pigments >> Dyes >> Reduced dye
• Name: Vat Black 27
• Synonyms: N,N'-(10,15,16,17-Tetrahydro-5,10,15,17-tetraoxo-5H-dinaphtho[2,3-a:2',3'-i]carbazole-6,9-diyl)bisbenzamide; Indanthrene Olive R
• Molecular Formula: C₄₂H₂₃N₃O₆
• Molecular Weight: 665.65
• CAS Registry Number: 2379-81-9
• EC Number: 219-169-9
• SMILES: C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)NC2=C3C(=C4C(=C2)C5=CC(=C6C(=C5N4)C(=O)C7=CC=CC=C7C6=O)NC(=O)C8=CC=CC=C8)C(=O)C9=CC=CC=C9C3=O

Properties

• Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm³, Calc.^*, 1.537 g/cm³
• Index of Refraction: 1.831, Calc.^*

^* Calculated using Advanced Chemistry Development (ACD/Labs) Software.

Safety Data

• Hazard Symbols: GHS07 Warning
• Risk Statements: H317
• Safety Statements: P261-P264+P265-P272-P280-P302+P352-P305+P354+P338-P317-P321-P333+P317-P362+P364-P501

Hazard Classification

Hazard	Class	Category Code	Hazard Statement
Skin sensitization	Skin Sens.	1	H317

Discovery and Applications

Vat Black 27 is a synthetic dye known for its deep, rich black color and its application in various industrial and consumer products. The compound was developed in the latter half of the 20th century as part of a broader effort to create versatile and durable dyes for diverse uses.

The discovery of Vat Black 27 was driven by the need for high-quality black dyes with superior lightfastness and stability. As an anthraquinone-based dye, it belongs to a class of vat dyes that are characterized by their insolubility in water and their ability to form strong bonds with textile fibers. The dyeing process for Vat Black 27 involves reducing the dye to a soluble form, applying it to the textile, and then oxidizing it back to its insoluble form, which creates a durable and long-lasting color.

One of the primary applications of Vat Black 27 is in the textile industry. It is used to dye natural fibers such as cotton, wool, and silk, as well as synthetic fibers. The dye's exceptional colorfastness ensures that fabrics retain their deep black hue even after prolonged exposure to light, washing, and wear. This makes Vat Black 27 an ideal choice for high-quality garments, upholstery, and other textile products where durability and color retention are crucial.

In addition to its use in textiles, Vat Black 27 is employed in the production of inks and coatings. The dye's intense black color and stability make it suitable for use in printing inks, where it provides a sharp, high-contrast finish. It is also used in coatings for various industrial applications, including automotive and aerospace industries, where its durability and resistance to environmental factors are highly valued.

The compound's application extends to other areas, including art and crafts. Vat Black 27 is used in various artistic endeavors to achieve deep black tones in paintings and other visual media. Its ability to provide consistent color and resist fading makes it a preferred choice among artists and designers.

Despite its beneficial properties, handling Vat Black 27 requires careful management to ensure safety and compliance with environmental regulations. Its role in improving the quality and performance of dyed products highlights its importance in both industrial and consumer applications.

References

2020. Extraction of peroxidase enzyme from different vegetables for biodetoxification of vat dyes. *Applied Nanoscience*, 10(8).
DOI: 10.1007/s13204-020-01348-4

2018. Vat dyeing at room temperature. *Cellulose*, 25(8).
DOI: 10.1007/s10570-018-1901-5

2012. Dye Application, Manufacture of Dye Intermediates and Dyes. *Handbook of Industrial Chemistry and Biotechnology*.
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-4259-2_13