Vat Red 15
[CAS# 4216-02-8]

Identification

• Classification: Dyes and pigments >> Dyes >> Reduced dye
• Name: Vat Red 15
• Synonyms: C.I. 71100; C.I. Pigment Red 194; Bisbenzimidazo[2,1-b:1',2'-j]benzo[lmn][3,8]phenanthroline-6,9-dione
• Molecular Formula: C₂₆H₁₂N₄O₂
• Molecular Weight: 412.40
• CAS Registry Number: 4216-02-8
• EC Number: 224-152-4
• SMILES: C1=CC=C2C(=C1)N=C3N2C(=O)C4=CC=C5C6=C(C=CC3=C46)C7=NC8=CC=CC=C8N7C5=O

Properties

• Density: 1.66
• Melting point: 490-492 °C

Safety Data

• Hazard Symbols: GHS07 Warning
• Risk Statements: H302-H412
• Safety Statements: P264-P270-P301+P312-P330-P501-P273

Hazard Classification

Hazard	Class	Category Code	Hazard Statement
Chronic hazardous to the aquatic environment	Aquatic Chronic	3	H412

Discovery and Applications

Vat Red 15 is a synthetic dye known for its intense red color and its use in various industrial and commercial applications. Developed as part of a broader effort to create high-quality dyes with excellent colorfastness, Vat Red 15 emerged in the latter half of the 20th century as a valuable addition to the range of available vat dyes.

The discovery of Vat Red 15 was driven by the need for dyes that could provide vibrant colors and maintain their integrity under various conditions. As a vat dye, Vat Red 15 is characterized by its insolubility in water and its ability to form strong bonds with textile fibers. The dyeing process involves reducing the dye to a soluble form, applying it to the textile, and then oxidizing it back to its insoluble form, which creates a durable and long-lasting color.

In the textile industry, Vat Red 15 is used extensively to dye natural fibers such as cotton, wool, and silk, as well as synthetic fibers. The dye's exceptional colorfastness ensures that fabrics retain their bright red hue even after prolonged exposure to light, washing, and wear. This makes Vat Red 15 an ideal choice for high-quality garments, upholstery, and other textile products where durability and color retention are crucial.

Beyond textiles, Vat Red 15 is utilized in various other applications. Its vibrant color and stability make it suitable for use in printing inks, where it provides a striking red hue and excellent performance. The dye is also used in coatings and plastics, contributing to the color and appearance of products in the automotive, packaging, and consumer goods industries.

In addition to its industrial applications, Vat Red 15 is employed in research and development for studying dyeing processes and the properties of various materials. Its ability to provide consistent and high-quality color makes it a valuable tool for understanding and improving dyeing techniques.

Despite its beneficial properties, handling Vat Red 15 requires careful management to ensure safety and compliance with environmental regulations. The dye's role in enhancing the quality and performance of dyed products underscores its importance in both industrial and research contexts.

References

1971. Vat dyes. Colour Chemistry.
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-6663-2_10

2019. Two new polymorphs of cis-perinone: crystal structures, physical and electric properties. Acta Crystallographica Section B, Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials, 75(3).
DOI: 10.1107/s2052520619003287