Adenosine 5'-triphosphate disodium salt
[CAS# 51963-61-2]

Identification

• Classification: Biochemical >> Nucleoside drugs >> Nucleotides and their analogues
• Name: Adenosine 5'-triphosphate disodium salt
• Synonyms: ATP disodium hydrate
• Molecular Formula: C₁₀H₁₄N₅Na₂O₁₃P₃
• Molecular Weight: 551.15
• CAS Registry Number: 51963-61-2
• EC Number: 686-884-4
• SMILES: C1=NC(=C2C(=N1)N(C=N2)[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)COP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OP(=O)([O-])[O-])O)O)N.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+]

Properties

• Melting point: 176 °C (dec.) (Expl.)

Safety Data

• Hazard Symbols: GHS07 Warning
• Risk Statements: H302-H315-H319-H335
• Safety Statements: P261-P280-P301+P312-P302+P352-P305+P351+P338

Discovery and Applications

Adenosine 5'-triphosphate disodium salt, commonly known as ATP disodium salt, is the disodium salt form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is a nucleotide that plays a central role in cellular energy metabolism. It consists of the nucleoside adenosine linked to three phosphate groups, with the disodium salt form providing improved solubility and stability for various applications.

ATP was first discovered in the early 20th century and identified as the primary molecule responsible for storing and transferring energy within cells. Its role as the “energy currency” of the cell is fundamental to many biological processes, including muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, biosynthesis, and active transport across membranes. The high-energy phosphate bonds between the phosphate groups can be hydrolyzed to release energy, which is then harnessed by cells to perform work.

The disodium salt form of ATP is widely used in research and industrial contexts because it offers better water solubility and ease of handling compared to the free acid form. This makes it suitable for biochemical assays, enzyme reactions, and cell culture media. In laboratory research, ATP disodium salt is often used as a substrate for kinases and other enzymes that utilize ATP for phosphorylation reactions, allowing the study of enzyme kinetics and signaling pathways.

In medicine and biotechnology, ATP disodium salt is utilized in diagnostic kits and molecular biology protocols. It serves as a reagent in assays measuring ATPase activity, cellular respiration, and energy metabolism. Its availability in a stable salt form ensures reproducibility and accuracy in experimental conditions.

ATP’s biological significance extends to its role in intracellular signaling. Beyond energy transfer, ATP functions as a signaling molecule involved in purinergic signaling pathways, where it binds to purinergic receptors on cell surfaces to modulate physiological responses such as inflammation, neurotransmission, and vascular tone.

The synthesis of ATP disodium salt involves chemical or enzymatic phosphorylation of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) followed by salt formation with sodium ions to enhance solubility. The compound’s stability can be influenced by pH, temperature, and storage conditions, so it is typically stored under refrigerated conditions and protected from light to prevent degradation.

In industrial applications, ATP disodium salt is used in biotechnological processes and pharmaceutical formulations where energy transfer or enzymatic activity is critical. It is also used in research on metabolic diseases and drug development targeting ATP-dependent enzymes.

In summary, adenosine 5'-triphosphate disodium salt is a vital biochemical compound used extensively as an energy source and biochemical reagent. Its disodium salt form provides enhanced solubility and stability, facilitating its broad application in scientific research, diagnostics, and biotechnology.

References

none