β-Diphosphopyridine nucleotide
[CAS# 53-84-9]

Identification

• Classification: API >> Vitamins and minerals >> Vitamin B drugs
• Name: β-Diphosphopyridine nucleotide
• Synonyms: β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; beta-DPN; beta-NAD
• Molecular Formula: C₂₁H₂₇N₇O₁₄P₂
• Molecular Weight: 663.43
• CAS Registry Number: 53-84-9
• EC Number: 200-184-4
• SMILES: C1=CC(=C[N+](=C1)[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)COP(=O)([O-])OP(=O)(O)OC[C@@H]3[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O3)N4C=NC5=C(N=CN=C54)N)O)O)O)O)C(=O)N

Properties

• Solubility: 10mM (DMSO)

Safety Data

• Hazard Symbols: GHS07 Warning
• Risk Statements: H315-H319-H335
• Safety Statements: P261-P264-P264+P265-P271-P280-P302+P352-P304+P340-P305+P351+P338-P319-P321-P332+P317-P337+P317-P362+P364-P403+P233-P405-P501

Hazard Classification

Hazard	Class	Category Code	Hazard Statement
Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure	STOT SE	3	H335
Skin irritation	Skin Irrit.	2	H315
Eye irritation	Eye Irrit.	2	H319

Discovery and Applications

Beta-Diphosphopyridine nucleotide (β-DPN) was discovered in the mid-20th century during research into cellular metabolism and energy production. Its identification stemmed from investigations into the role of coenzymes in biochemical reactions, particularly those involved in oxidative phosphorylation and the electron transport chain. β-DPN was isolated from cellular extracts and characterized as an essential cofactor involved in electron transfer reactions within cells. This pivotal discovery shed light on the mechanisms underlying cellular respiration and energy metabolism, leading to a deeper understanding of biological processes at the molecular level.

β-DPN serves as a crucial cofactor in numerous enzymatic reactions involved in cellular respiration, glycolysis, and fatty acid oxidation. It plays a central role in transferring electrons from metabolic intermediates to the electron transport chain, facilitating ATP synthesis and energy production in cells. Researchers utilize β-DPN in studies exploring metabolic pathways, enzyme kinetics, and the regulation of cellular energy metabolism.

Measurement of β-DPN levels in biological samples can provide valuable insights into cellular energy status and metabolic health. Abnormal levels of β-DPN may indicate metabolic disorders such as mitochondrial dysfunction, diabetes, or metabolic syndrome. Diagnostic assays based on β-DPN analysis help clinicians diagnose and monitor these conditions, guiding treatment strategies and patient care.

Understanding the role of β-DPN in cellular metabolism is essential for the development of therapeutics targeting metabolic diseases. Pharmaceutical companies utilize β-DPN as a target for drug discovery and development, aiming to modulate its activity to treat conditions like diabetes, obesity, and neurodegenerative disorders. Research into β-DPN metabolism and its dysregulation in disease states informs the design of novel pharmacological interventions.

β-DPN finds applications in biotechnological processes for the production of biofuels, pharmaceuticals, and industrial chemicals. Enzymatic reactions utilizing β-DPN as a cofactor enable the synthesis of valuable compounds through biocatalysis. Biotechnologists engineer microorganisms and enzymes to optimize β-DPN-dependent pathways for efficient bioproduction of desired products, contributing to sustainable and environmentally friendly manufacturing practices.

β-DPN metabolism plays a role in nutrient utilization and energy metabolism in organisms. Studies investigating dietary factors that influence β-DPN levels provide insights into nutritional strategies for optimizing metabolic health and preventing chronic diseases. Understanding β-DPN's role in nutrient metabolism informs dietary recommendations and nutritional interventions aimed at improving overall health and well-being.

References

1967. über den Weg der nicht-mitochondrialen, Jodacetat-aktivierten Oxydation des Glucose-C-6 in Ascites-Tumor-Zellen. Monatshefte für Chemie und verwandte Teile anderer Wissenschaften, 98(3).
DOI: 10.1007/bf01167150

2016. NAD+ repletion improves mitochondrial and stem cell function and enhances life span in mice. Science, 352(6292).
DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf2693

2017. Cofactor Engineering for Enhanced Production of Diols by Klebsiella pneumoniae From Co‐Substrate. Biotechnology Journal, 12(9).
DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700176