Uridine
[CAS# 58-96-8]

Identification

• Classification: Biochemical >> Carbohydrate >> Monosaccharide
• Name: Uridine
• Synonyms: 1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]pyrimidine-2,4-dione
• Molecular Formula: C₉H₁₂N₂O₆
• Molecular Weight: 244.20
• Protein Sequence: N
• CAS Registry Number: 58-96-8
• EC Number: 200-407-5
• SMILES: C1=CN(C(=O)NC1=O)[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)O

Properties

• Solubility: 50 mg/mL (water)
• Melting point: 165-170 °C
• Index of Refraction: 9
• alpha: 8.4 ° (c=2,water)

Safety Data

• Hazard Symbols: GHS07 Warning
• Risk Statements: H315-H319-H335
• Safety Statements: P261-P264-P264+P265-P271-P280-P302+P352-P304+P340-P305+P351+P338-P319-P321-P332+P317-P337+P317-P362+P364-P403+P233-P405-P501

Hazard Classification

Hazard	Class	Category Code	Hazard Statement
Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure	STOT SE	3	H335
Skin irritation	Skin Irrit.	2	H315
Eye irritation	Eye Irrit.	2A	H319
Eye irritation	Eye Irrit.	2	H319

Discovery and Applications

Uridine is an important nucleoside in biochemistry that plays an important role in the synthesis of RNA and the regulation of various physiological processes. Uridine is composed of uracil and ribose and is essential for cellular function and health.

Uridine was first discovered during the study of nucleic acids (molecules that make up genetic material) in the early 20th century. When scientists explored the components of RNA, they found that uridine was one of the basic building blocks, along with adenine, cytosine, and guanine. Its discovery was an important milestone in the understanding of RNA structure and function, providing insights into the mechanisms of genetic coding and expression.

Uridine is the main component of RNA and is essential for protein synthesis and gene expression. During transcription, uridine pairs with adenine to form mRNA, which transmits genetic information from DNA to ribosomes. This process is essential for protein synthesis that drives various cellular functions, including growth, repair, and metabolism.

In recent years, uridine has attracted much attention for its potential benefits in cognitive health. Studies have shown that uridine, often combined with other nutrients such as DHA and choline, can support brain function and improve cognitive abilities. It is thought to enhance synaptic plasticity, promote the formation of new synapses and improve communication between neurons. This has led to its exploration as a supplement for conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, cognitive decline and mood disorders.

Uridine is also important for liver function and regeneration. It plays a role in the synthesis of glycogen (the storage form of glucose) and supports the liver's detoxification processes. Studies have shown that uridine aids in the recovery of liver tissue after injury and may help prevent liver diseases such as hepatitis and cirrhosis.

In the field of metabolic health, uridine is studied for its role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. It is involved in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, a major component of cell membranes, and affects the activity of various enzymes associated with metabolic processes. This has important implications for the treatment of conditions such as diabetes and hyperlipidemia.

Uridine and its derivatives are used in the development of antiviral and anticancer drugs. Modified nucleosides, including uridine analogs, can interfere with viral replication or cancer cell proliferation. These compounds are being explored for their potential to treat diseases such as HIV, hepatitis, and certain types of cancer.

References

2003. Biochemical Bases of the 5-Fluorouracil-Folinic Acid Interaction and of its Limitations. Fluoropyrimidines in Cancer Therapy.
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59259-337-8_3

1979. Mechanism and Specificity of Action of Ribavirin. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 15(6).
DOI: 10.1128/aac.15.6.747

1979. Characterization of RNA synthesis by isolated hepatocytes in suspension. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics.
DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(79)90369-2