Diethyl sulfite
[CAS# 623-81-4]

Identification

• Classification: Organic raw materials >> Inorganic acid ester
• Name: Diethyl sulfite
• Synonyms: DES
• Molecular Formula: C₄H₁₀O₃S
• Molecular Weight: 138.18
• CAS Registry Number: 623-81-4
• EC Number: 210-815-5
• SMILES: CCOS(=O)OCC

Properties

• Density: 1.077
• Boiling point: 158-160 °C
• Refractive index: 1.413-1.415
• Flash point: 53 °C

Safety Data

• Hazard Symbols: GHS02;GHS07 Warning
• Risk Statements: H226-H315-H319-H335
• Safety Statements: P210-P233-P240-P241-P242-P243-P261-P264-P264+P265-P271-P280-P302+P352-P303+P361+P353-P304+P340-P305+P351+P338-P319-P321-P332+P317-P337+P317-P362+P364-P370+P378-P403+P233-P403+P235-P405-P501

Hazard Classification

Hazard	Class	Category Code	Hazard Statement
Eye irritation	Eye Irrit.	2	H319
Skin irritation	Skin Irrit.	2	H315
Flammable liquids	Flam. Liq.	3	H226
Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure	STOT SE	3	H335

• Transport Information: UN 1993

Discovery and Applications

Diethyl sulfite is an organosulfur compound with the formula C₄H₁₀O₄S. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a pungent odor, commonly used in chemical synthesis and industrial applications. Diethyl sulfite was first synthesized in the early 19th century as part of broader efforts to explore the chemistry of sulfur compounds, which were of growing interest due to their reactivity and potential utility in various industrial processes.

The discovery of diethyl sulfite is attributed to the work of early chemists who were investigating the properties of sulfur-containing esters. Its synthesis typically involves the reaction of sulfur dioxide with ethanol in the presence of a base. This reaction produces diethyl sulfite along with water. The compound's distinctive sulfur-oxygen linkage contributes to its unique chemical properties, making it valuable in several applications.

One of the primary applications of diethyl sulfite is as a reagent in organic synthesis. It is used to introduce the ethylsulfonyl group into molecules, which can significantly alter their reactivity and physical properties. Diethyl sulfite participates in various chemical reactions, including nucleophilic substitution and hydrolysis, to form diverse organic compounds. These reactions are important for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other specialty chemicals.

In the pharmaceutical industry, diethyl sulfite serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of certain drugs and medicinal compounds. Its ability to react with other chemical entities allows for the formation of complex molecules with specific biological activities. For instance, it is used in the production of sulfite esters, which are important in the development of certain anti-inflammatory and antihistamine drugs.

Diethyl sulfite is also employed in the production of specialty polymers and resins. It acts as a cross-linking agent or a component in polymerization reactions to create materials with desired properties such as improved chemical resistance or enhanced mechanical strength. These materials are used in coatings, adhesives, and other applications requiring durable and stable performance.

Additionally, diethyl sulfite finds use in the agricultural sector as a fumigant. It is applied to soils and storage facilities to control pests and pathogens, contributing to crop protection and food safety. The compound’s efficacy as a fumigant stems from its ability to release sulfur dioxide, a well-known biocide, which helps in maintaining the health of stored grains and other agricultural products.

The compound's reactivity and ability to form various derivatives make it a versatile tool in chemical synthesis and industrial processes. Its role in drug development, polymer production, and pest control highlights its importance across different sectors.

In summary, diethyl sulfite is a significant chemical compound with a range of applications in organic synthesis, pharmaceuticals, polymers, and agriculture. Its discovery and development have paved the way for its widespread use in creating diverse and valuable chemical products.

References

2016. Ionic conductivities of diethyl sulfite (asym.). Electrochemistry.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-49251-2_129

2016. Ionic conductivities of diethyl sulfit (sym.). Electrochemistry.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-49251-2_128

2008. Role-Assigned Electrolytes: Additives. Lithium-Ion Batteries.
DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-34445-4_4