(2-Hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium formate
[CAS# 62314-25-4]

Identification

• Classification: Organic raw materials >> Carboxylic compounds and derivatives >> Carboxylic esters and their derivatives
• Name: (2-Hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium formate
• Molecular Formula: C₇H₁₇NO₃
• Molecular Weight: 163.21
• CAS Registry Number: 62314-25-4
• EC Number: 263-503-6
• SMILES: CC(C[N+](C)(C)C)O.C(=O)[O-]

Safety Data

• Hazard Symbols: GHS05;GHS07 Danger
• Risk Statements: H302-H314-H318-H319
• Safety Statements: P260-P264-P264+P265-P270-P280-P301+P317-P301+P330+P331-P302+P361+P354-P304+P340-P305+P351+P338-P305+P354+P338-P316-P317-P321-P330-P337+P317-P363-P405-P501

Hazard Classification

Hazard	Class	Category Code	Hazard Statement
Serious eye damage	Eye Dam.	1	H318
Skin corrosion	Skin Corr.	1C	H314
Acute toxicity	Acute Tox.	4	H302
Eye irritation	Eye Irrit.	2	H319

Discovery and Applications

(2-Hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium formate is a quaternary ammonium compound with the chemical formula C7H17NO3. It is widely used in various industries for its surfactant properties and has applications in personal care, industrial formulations, and electrochemical processes. The compound consists of a hydroxypropyl group attached to a trimethylammonium cation, paired with a formate anion, giving it both ionic and hydrophilic characteristics, which are key to its functionality as a surfactant.

The discovery of (2-Hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium formate is linked to the broader development of quaternary ammonium compounds in the mid-20th century. Researchers were exploring cationic surfactants for their potential in applications like detergents, emulsifiers, and antistatic agents. The introduction of a hydroxyl group into the structure allowed for enhanced water solubility and greater compatibility with a variety of systems, expanding its utility across multiple industries.

One of the main applications of (2-Hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium formate is in personal care products, such as shampoos and conditioners. It functions as an emulsifying agent and antistatic agent, helping to reduce frizz and improve the feel of hair. Its mild nature makes it suitable for use in skin care formulations as well, where it acts as a conditioning agent and helps improve product spreadability.

In industrial applications, the compound is used as a phase transfer catalyst, aiding in reactions that involve the transfer of ionic substances between immiscible phases, such as oil and water. This makes it particularly useful in organic synthesis and the production of fine chemicals, where precise control over reaction conditions is necessary. Additionally, it is employed in electrochemical processes, where it helps to stabilize certain reactions and improve the efficiency of electroplating and metal finishing.

(2-Hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium formate is also utilized in formulations that require high stability in varying pH conditions. Its ionic nature allows it to function effectively in both acidic and basic environments, making it versatile in applications such as cleaning agents and surface treatments. Its low toxicity and biodegradability make it a more environmentally friendly choice compared to traditional quaternary ammonium compounds.

While the compound has a wide range of applications, it is important to note that, like other quaternary ammonium compounds, it can be an irritant if it comes into contact with skin or mucous membranes. Therefore, appropriate safety measures should be taken during handling and formulation to minimize exposure risks.

References

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