Thiamine hydrochloride
[CAS# 67-03-8]

Identification

• Classification: Food additive >> Nutrition supplements >> Vitamins
• Name: Thiamine hydrochloride
• Synonyms: Vitamin B1 hydrochloride; Aneurine hydrochloride
• Molecular Formula: C₁₂H₁₇ClN₄OS.HCl
• Molecular Weight: 337.27
• CAS Registry Number: 67-03-8
• EC Number: 200-641-8
• FEMA: 3322
• SMILES: CC1=C(SC=[N+]1CC2=CN=C(N=C2N)C)CCO.Cl.[Cl-]

Properties

• Melting point: 246-254 °C
• Water solubility: 1 g/mL

Safety Data

• Hazard Symbols: GHS07 Warning
• Risk Statements: H319
• Safety Statements: P264+P265-P280-P305+P351+P338-P337+P317

Hazard Classification

Hazard	Class	Category Code	Hazard Statement
Eye irritation	Eye Irrit.	2	H319
Skin irritation	Skin Irrit.	2	H315
Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure	STOT SE	3	H335
Eye irritation	Eye Irrit.	2A	H319

Discovery and Applications

Thiamine hydrochloride, commonly known as vitamin B1, is a water-soluble vitamin essential for human metabolism. Its discovery dates back to the early 20th century, when researchers began investigating the causes of beriberi, a disease characterized by neurological and cardiovascular symptoms. In 1910, the Polish scientist Casimir Funk isolated the first vitamin from rice bran, which he named "vitamine" (vital amine). Further studies led to the identification of thiamine as the active compound responsible for preventing beriberi, and its chemical structure was elucidated in 1936.

Thiamine hydrochloride is synthesized through several methods, primarily from chemical precursors such as pyrimidine and thiazole. The most common industrial synthesis involves the condensation of these two components, followed by a series of purification steps to yield the hydrochloride salt. The hydrochloride form enhances the stability and solubility of thiamine, making it suitable for various applications.

In terms of its applications, thiamine hydrochloride is widely used in dietary supplements and fortified foods to prevent and treat thiamine deficiency. This deficiency can lead to serious health issues, including Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, a neurological disorder commonly associated with chronic alcoholism. As a result, thiamine hydrochloride plays a critical role in supporting cognitive function and overall health.

Beyond its dietary uses, thiamine hydrochloride is employed in the pharmaceutical industry as an active ingredient in various medications aimed at treating metabolic disorders. It is also used in the production of intravenous solutions for patients with malabsorption issues, ensuring they receive adequate levels of this essential nutrient.

Moreover, thiamine hydrochloride has applications in the food industry as a preservative and flavor enhancer. Its antioxidant properties help maintain the quality and freshness of food products, contributing to improved shelf life. The compound is commonly added to processed foods, cereals, and energy drinks to boost nutritional value and prevent deficiency in the general population.

Research continues to explore the potential benefits of thiamine hydrochloride beyond its established uses. Studies have indicated that thiamine supplementation may have a positive impact on metabolic health, with potential implications for conditions such as diabetes and obesity. Additionally, thiamine's role as a cofactor in enzymatic reactions related to energy metabolism underscores its importance in various physiological processes.

In summary, thiamine hydrochloride is a vital compound with a rich history of discovery and significant applications in nutrition, pharmaceuticals, and food technology. Its role in preventing deficiency-related diseases and supporting overall health highlights the importance of this essential nutrient in our diets.

References

2010. Anorexia nervosa and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome: a case report. Journal of Medical Case Reports, 4.
DOI: 10.1186/1752-1947-4-217