Solvent Orange 60
[CAS# 6925-69-5]

Identification

• Classification: Dyes and pigments >> Dyes >> Solvent dye
• Name: Solvent Orange 60
• Synonyms: C.I. 564100; C.I. Solvent Orange 78; Transparent Orange 3G; 10H-Perimidino[2,1-a]isoindol-10-one; 12H-Phthaloperin-12-one
• Molecular Formula: C₁₈H₁₀N₂O
• Molecular Weight: 270.29
• CAS Registry Number: 6925-69-5 (61969-47-9)
• EC Number: 230-049-5
• SMILES: C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C3=NC4=CC=CC5=C4C(=CC=C5)N3C2=O

Properties

• Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm³, Calc.^*
• Index of Refraction: 1.778, Calc.^*
• Boiling Point: 522.4±33.0 °C (760 mmHg), Calc.^*
• Flash Point: 269.7±25.4 °C, Calc.^*

^* Calculated using Advanced Chemistry Development (ACD/Labs) Software.

Safety Data

• Hazard Symbols: GHS07 Warning
• Risk Statements: H302-H315-H319-H335
• Safety Statements: P261-P264-P270-P271-P280-P301+P312-P302+P352-P304+P340-P305+P351+P338-P330-P332+P313-P337+P313-P362-P403+P233-P405-P501

Hazard Classification

Hazard	Class	Category Code	Hazard Statement
Skin irritation	Skin Irrit.	2	H315
Acute toxicity	Acute Tox.	4	H312
Eye irritation	Eye Irrit.	2	H319
Acute toxicity	Acute Tox.	4	H302
Skin sensitization	Skin Sens.	1B	H317
Chronic hazardous to the aquatic environment	Aquatic Chronic	3	H412
Skin sensitization	Skin Sens.	1	H317
Chronic hazardous to the aquatic environment	Aquatic Chronic	2	H411

Discovery and Applications

Solvent Orange 60 is an organic compound that belongs to the class of solvent dyes. It is primarily used to impart an orange color to various products in industrial applications. Solvent Orange 60 is known for its vibrant hue and is widely utilized in the coloration of oils, plastics, fuels, and other non-aqueous substances. The chemical structure of Solvent Orange 60 includes an azo group (-N=N-) connecting aromatic rings, which is characteristic of many synthetic dyes.

The discovery of Solvent Orange 60 is part of the broader development of synthetic dyes in the 20th century. Solvent dyes, in general, are designed to be soluble in non-aqueous solvents, making them ideal for use in environments where water solubility is not required. This characteristic differentiates them from other types of dyes that are typically used in aqueous solutions. The ability of Solvent Orange 60 to dissolve in non-aqueous solvents allows it to be widely applied in the coloring of industrial products.

Solvent Orange 60 is most commonly used in the dyeing of petroleum products, including fuels and lubricants. It is often added to gasoline and diesel to provide color differentiation between different types of fuel. This color coding can be used to indicate different grades of fuel or to mark fuel products for tax purposes. For example, in certain regions, red or orange-colored fuels are used to identify those that are tax-exempt or designated for non-road use. Solvent Orange 60 serves as a key component in this regulatory system, making it easier to visually identify different fuel types.

In addition to its use in the fuel industry, Solvent Orange 60 is employed in the coloration of oils, lubricants, and other industrial products. Its stability in non-aqueous environments, along with its ability to provide a stable and lasting color, makes it suitable for use in these applications. The dye is also used in the plastic and rubber industries, where it is incorporated into materials to give them a vibrant orange color. This application is particularly valuable in the production of plastic products such as automotive parts, toys, and packaging.

Solvent Orange 60 has been used in some other niche applications, including in the testing and calibration of various chemical processes, where its distinctive color allows it to serve as a marker or indicator. It has also been used in certain laboratory settings where non-aqueous dyes are required for visual tracking or analysis.

As with many other azo dyes, Solvent Orange 60 is subject to regulatory control in several countries due to potential health and environmental concerns. These regulations typically limit its concentration in consumer products, especially those that may come into direct contact with humans, such as cosmetics and food packaging. The potential toxicity of azo dyes, particularly their ability to break down into aromatic amines, has led to increased scrutiny of their use in various applications. As such, the use of Solvent Orange 60 in products that may be exposed to the environment or human contact is closely monitored.

In summary, Solvent Orange 60 is a widely used solvent dye with applications in the petroleum, plastic, and lubricant industries. Its ability to dissolve in non-aqueous solvents and its stable color properties make it valuable for coloring fuels and other industrial products. Although its use is regulated due to health and environmental concerns, Solvent Orange 60 continues to play an important role in industrial coloration and product differentiation.

References

1998. Dyes for the mass coloration of plastics. Polymer Science and Technology Series.
DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-5862-6_25

1999. Allergic contact dermatitis from a perinone‐type dye C.I. Solvent Orange 60 in spectacle frames. Contact Dermatitis, 41(4).
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1999.tb06126.x

2018. Solvent Orange 60 is a potent contact sensitizer in occupational and everyday life. Contact Dermatitis, 79(3).
DOI: 10.1111/cod.13022