Potassium peroxymonosulfate
[CAS# 70693-62-8]

Identification

• Classification: Organic raw materials >> Organic sulfur compound
• Name: Potassium peroxymonosulfate
• Synonyms: Potassium peroxymonosulfate sulfate; Pentapotassium bis(peroxymonosulphate) bis(sulphate)
• Molecular Formula: 2(KHSO₅).KHSO₄.K₂SO₄
• Molecular Weight: 614.76
• CAS Registry Number: 70693-62-8
• EC Number: 274-778-7
• SMILES: O=S(=O)([O-])O.O=S(=O)([O-])OO.O=S(=O)([O-])OO.O=S(=O)([O-])[O-].[K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[K+]

Safety Data

• Hazard Symbols: GHS03;GHS05;GHS07;GHS08 Danger
• Risk Statements: H272-H302-H314-H334-H317
• Safety Statements: P221-P210-P303+P361+P353-P305+P351+P338-P405-P501

Hazard Classification

Hazard	Class	Category Code	Hazard Statement
Acute toxicity	Acute Tox.	4	H302
Skin corrosion	Skin Corr.	1B	H314
Chronic hazardous to the aquatic environment	Aquatic Chronic	3	H412
Serious eye damage	Eye Dam.	1	H318
Skin corrosion	Skin Corr.	1A	H314
Oxidising solids	Ox. Sol.	1	H271
Oxidising solids	Ox. Sol.	3	H272
Skin corrosion	Skin Corr.	1C	H314
Acute toxicity	Acute Tox.	4	H312
Respiratory sensitization	Resp. Sens.	1	H334
Skin sensitization	Skin Sens.	1	H317
Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure	STOT SE	3	H335
Skin corrosion	Skin Corr.	1	H314
Oxidising liquids	Ox. Liq.	3	H272

• Transport Information: UN 3084

Discovery and Applications

Potassium peroxymonosulfate (KHSO5) is an inorganic compound that is widely used as a strong oxidizing agent in various applications, ranging from industrial processes to environmental treatment. It is often referred to as an "oxygen bleach" or a "potassium monopersulfate" compound. Potassium peroxymonosulfate is a component of several commercial cleaning and disinfecting products, often marketed for its ability to remove stains, clean surfaces, and disinfect water.

The compound is typically found in the form of a white, crystalline powder or a granular solid. It is composed of potassium, sulfur, oxygen, and hydrogen, with the chemical formula KHSO5. The structure consists of the peroxymonosulfate anion (HSO5-) combined with potassium ions (K+), making it an alkaline, highly reactive compound. The peroxymonosulfate anion contains a peroxide group (O-O) that is responsible for its oxidizing properties.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate is produced by reacting potassium bisulfate (KHSO4) with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) under controlled conditions. This process generates potassium peroxymonosulfate along with water and can be performed in the presence of other additives to stabilize the compound. Potassium peroxymonosulfate is sometimes produced as part of a triple salt formulation, which may include potassium bisulfate, potassium sulfate (K2SO4), and potassium peroxymonosulfate. These formulations are marketed under brand names such as "Oxone" and "ActivOx."

One of the primary applications of potassium peroxymonosulfate is in water treatment, particularly in the disinfection of drinking water, swimming pools, and wastewater. The compound acts as an oxidizing agent that kills bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens by disrupting their cellular structures. Potassium peroxymonosulfate is favored for these applications due to its ability to work effectively across a broad range of pH levels, making it suitable for different water conditions. It also decomposes into non-toxic byproducts, such as oxygen and sulfate, after it completes its disinfection process, making it an environmentally friendly alternative to chlorine-based disinfectants.

In addition to water treatment, potassium peroxymonosulfate is widely used in the textile industry. It is commonly utilized as a bleaching agent to remove stains and discolorations from fabrics. Its oxidative properties help break down organic compounds and pigments, which results in cleaner and whiter textiles. Potassium peroxymonosulfate is often preferred in textile processing because it is a more selective oxidizer compared to chlorine-based bleaches, meaning it is less likely to damage fibers or cause unwanted color changes.

The compound is also used in the cleaning and disinfecting industry, especially in household and industrial cleaners. Potassium peroxymonosulfate's strong oxidizing nature makes it effective at removing dirt, grease, and organic stains from a wide range of surfaces, including countertops, floors, and fabrics. Additionally, it is employed as a sanitizer in food processing facilities, hospitals, and other environments where hygiene is critical.

In analytical chemistry, potassium peroxymonosulfate has applications as an oxidizing reagent in certain chemical assays and reactions. It can be used to oxidize various organic compounds in laboratory settings, facilitating the study of reaction mechanisms or the synthesis of desired products.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate also plays a role in the cosmetic industry, where it is sometimes included in skin care products for its exfoliating and brightening effects. When used in certain formulations, the compound can help to break down dead skin cells and improve the appearance of the skin.

Despite its many applications, potassium peroxymonosulfate must be handled with caution. As a strong oxidizing agent, it can be hazardous if mishandled, causing skin and eye irritation or, in extreme cases, chemical burns. It is also important to store the compound in a dry, cool place away from combustible materials, as it can release oxygen and cause fires or explosions in the presence of certain reactive substances. Proper safety protocols should be followed when working with potassium peroxymonosulfate, including the use of protective gloves, goggles, and suitable ventilation.

In summary, potassium peroxymonosulfate is a versatile and powerful oxidizing agent with a wide range of applications in industries such as water treatment, textiles, cleaning, and disinfection. Its ability to oxidize organic compounds makes it useful for disinfecting water, removing stains, and cleaning surfaces. Its environmentally friendly decomposition and effectiveness at different pH levels make it a preferred choice over other oxidizing agents in many applications. However, it should be handled with care due to its potential hazards as a strong oxidant.

References

none