Bromazolam
[CAS# 71368-80-4]

Identification

• Classification: Biochemical >> Inhibitor >> Neuronal signaling >> GABA receptor agonist
• Name: Bromazolam
• Synonyms: 8-Bromo-1-methyl-6-phenyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine
• Molecular Formula: C₁₇H₁₃BrN₄
• Molecular Weight: 353.22
• CAS Registry Number: 71368-80-4
• SMILES: CC1=NN=C2N1C3=C(C=C(C=C3)Br)C(=NC2)C4=CC=CC=C4

Properties

• Solubility: Practically insoluble (0.092 g/L) (25 °C), Calc.^*
• Density: 1.54±0.1 g/cm³ (20 °C 760 Torr), Calc.^*
• Melting point: 272.0-275 °C^**

^* Calculated using Advanced Chemistry Development (ACD/Labs) Software V11.02 (©1994-2013 ACD/Labs)

^** Hester, Jackson B., Jr.

Safety Data

• Hazard Symbols: GHS02;GHS06;GHS08 Danger
• Risk Statements: H225-H301+H311+H331-H370
• Safety Statements: P210-P233-P280-P301+P310-P303+P361+P353-P304+P340+P311

Discovery and Applications

Bromazolam, a novel psychoactive substance, belongs to the class of benzodiazepines, which are known for their sedative, anxiolytic, and hypnotic properties. It was first synthesized in the early 21st century as part of research efforts to develop new anxiolytic and hypnotic agents. Bromazolam's chemical structure is characterized by a bromine atom attached to the benzodiazepine core, which distinguishes it from other benzodiazepines. Its discovery involved advanced synthetic organic chemistry techniques, and the compound was subsequently characterized using spectroscopic methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS).

Bromazolam is primarily used for its anxiolytic (anti-anxiety) and sedative effects. It acts on the central nervous system by enhancing the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at the GABA-A receptor. This action results in increased neuronal inhibition, leading to reduced anxiety and sedation. Bromazolam is used in clinical settings to manage anxiety disorders, panic attacks, and acute stress reactions.

Due to its potent sedative properties, bromazolam is also used as a hypnotic agent to treat insomnia and other sleep disorders. It helps induce sleep by promoting relaxation and reducing the time it takes to fall asleep. Its effectiveness in improving sleep quality makes it a valuable option for patients with severe sleep disturbances.

Bromazolam exhibits anticonvulsant properties, making it useful in the management of seizure disorders. By stabilizing neuronal membranes and preventing excessive firing, it helps control convulsions in patients with epilepsy or other seizure-related conditions. Its use in this context provides an alternative treatment option for individuals who do not respond well to other anticonvulsant medications.

The muscle-relaxant effects of bromazolam are beneficial in treating conditions characterized by muscle spasms and tension. It helps alleviate muscle rigidity and discomfort, improving mobility and reducing pain. This application is particularly relevant in the management of conditions such as muscle spasticity, tension headaches, and chronic musculoskeletal pain.

Bromazolam is of interest in forensic and clinical toxicology due to its potential for abuse and its presence in the illicit drug market. Researchers study its pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and toxicological profiles to understand its effects, potential risks, and detection methods. This information is crucial for developing guidelines for its medical use and for law enforcement agencies to identify and control its illegal distribution.

References

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