Magnesium chloride hexahydrate
[CAS# 7791-18-6]

Identification

• Classification: Inorganic chemical industry >> Inorganic salt >> Metal halides and halides >> Metal chlorides and salts
• Name: Magnesium chloride hexahydrate
• Molecular Formula: MgCl₂.6(H₂O)
• Molecular Weight: 203.30
• CAS Registry Number: 7791-18-6
• EC Number: 616-575-1
• SMILES: O.O.O.O.O.O.[Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-]

Properties

• Density: 1.569
• Melting point: 117 °C
• Water solubility: 2350 g/L (20 °C)

Safety Data

• Hazard Symbols: GHS07 Warning
• Risk Statements: H302-H315-H319-H335
• Safety Statements: P261-P305+P351+P338

Hazard Classification

Hazard	Class	Category Code	Hazard Statement
Eye irritation	Eye Irrit.	2	H319
Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure	STOT SE	3	H335
Skin irritation	Skin Irrit.	2	H315

Discovery and Applications

Magnesium chloride hexahydrate is an often overlooked compound that has recently gained attention for its many applications and therapeutic benefits. The chemical formula of this compound is MgCl2·6H2O and it is a hexahydrate. Magnesium chloride hexahydrate occurs naturally in seawater and salt mine brines. It was historically isolated from these natural sources. The compound crystallizes as colorless prisms and is highly soluble in water, producing solutions that taste particularly bitter. The hexahydrate structure ensures stability and ease of handling, contributing to its widespread use.

In industry, magnesium chloride hexahydrate is primarily used as a source of magnesium and chloride ions. These ions are important in various chemical processes, such as the production of magnesium metal, magnesium salts, and as a catalyst in organic synthesis. Its ability to lower the freezing point of water makes it useful for deicing and stabilizing dust on unpaved roads. In addition, it is used in textiles, ceramics, and as a component of fire extinguishing agents due to its flame retardant properties.

In addition to its industrial applications, magnesium chloride hexahydrate has therapeutic benefits. Magnesium is an essential mineral that plays a key role in hundreds of enzymatic reactions in the body, affecting muscle function, neurotransmission, and cardiovascular health. The hexahydrate form offers a convenient method of magnesium supplementation, especially in cases where magnesium is deficient and oral intake is desired.

Transdermal magnesium therapy, using magnesium chloride hexahydrate solution topically, is believed to enhance magnesium absorption through the skin. Athletes prefer this method for muscle recovery and cramp prevention. Additionally, its anti-inflammatory properties are used to treat skin conditions such as eczema and psoriasis.

In agriculture, magnesium chloride hexahydrate can be used as a nutritional supplement for magnesium-deficient crops. Its application aids in chlorophyll production, photosynthesis, and overall plant health. Its water solubility ensures effective plant absorption, promoting growth and yield.

Despite its wide range of uses and benefits, challenges remain in the extraction process and ensuring sustainable sourcing practices. Environmental concerns regarding its use in de-icing have prompted research into eco-friendly alternatives. Additionally, ongoing research exploring its potential in biomedical fields such as drug delivery systems and tissue engineering demonstrates its evolving role in modern medicine.

References

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1994. Vaccinia virus DNA polymerase. In vitro analysis of parameters affecting processivity. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 269(49).
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2024. Characterization and Performance Evaluation of Magnesium Chloride-Enriched Polyurethane Nanofiber Patches for Wound Dressings. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 19.
DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s460921