2-Butanone
[CAS# 78-93-3]

Identification

• Classification: Organic raw materials >> Ketone compound
• Name: 2-Butanone
• Synonyms: Ethyl methyl ketone; Methyl ethyl ketone; MEK
• Molecular Formula: C₄H₈O
• Molecular Weight: 72.11
• CAS Registry Number: 78-93-3
• EC Number: 201-159-0
• FEMA: 2170
• SMILES: CCC(=O)C

Properties

• Density: 0.806
• Melting point: -87 °C
• Boiling point: 80 °C
• Refractive index: 1.378-1.38
• Flash point: -7 °C
• Water solubility: 290 g/L (20 °C)

Safety Data

• Hazard Symbols: GHS02;GHS07 Danger
• Risk Statements: H225-H336-H319
• Safety Statements: P210-P233-P240-P241-P242-P243-P261-P264+P265-P271-P280-P303+P361+P353-P304+P340-P305+P351+P338-P319-P337+P317-P370+P378-P403+P233-P403+P235-P405-P501

Hazard Classification

Hazard	Class	Category Code	Hazard Statement
Flammable liquids	Flam. Liq.	2	H225
Eye irritation	Eye Irrit.	2	H319
Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure	STOT SE	3	H336
Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure	STOT SE	3	H335
Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure	STOT SE	3	H371
Skin irritation	Skin Irrit.	2	H315
Eye irritation	Eye Irrit.	2A	H319

• Transport Information: UN 1193; UN 1232

Discovery and Applications

2-Butanone, also known as methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), is a colorless, flammable liquid with a sweet odor and the chemical formula C4H8O. Its discovery dates back to the early 20th century, with its first synthesis being reported in 1906 by the German chemist Hans Fischer. Initially, 2-butanone was produced through the dry distillation of calcium acetate, but later methods developed more efficient routes for its synthesis, including the hydrogenation of acetone and the dehydrogenation of 2-butanol.

The primary application of 2-butanone is as a solvent in various industrial processes. Its ability to dissolve a wide range of substances makes it an ideal choice in the manufacturing of plastics, coatings, and adhesives. It is commonly used in the formulation of lacquers and paints due to its rapid evaporation rate and excellent solvent properties, which help achieve a smooth finish. Additionally, 2-butanone serves as a cleaning agent for metals and machinery, facilitating the removal of oils and greases.

In the field of pharmaceuticals, 2-butanone is utilized as a solvent and reagent in the synthesis of various chemical compounds. Its role in organic synthesis includes serving as an intermediate in the production of other chemicals, such as methyl isobutyl ketone and 2,3-butanedione, which are important in the manufacture of flavorings and fragrances.

Moreover, 2-butanone has applications in the food industry as a flavoring agent. It contributes to the flavor profile of certain food products, enhancing their appeal. The compound is also studied for its potential use in the production of biofuels, as it can be derived from renewable resources through fermentation processes.

Despite its widespread utility, exposure to 2-butanone can pose health risks, including irritation of the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. Prolonged exposure can lead to more severe health effects, emphasizing the need for proper handling and safety measures in industrial settings.

In conclusion, 2-butanone is a versatile chemical with significant applications in various industries, including solvents for paints and coatings, cleaning agents, and intermediates in pharmaceutical synthesis. Its discovery and subsequent development have made it a valuable compound in both industrial and laboratory settings.

References

2005. Synthesis of acetals and ketals catalyzed by tungstosilicic acid supported on active carbon. Journal of Zhejiang University. Science, 6(5).
DOI: 10.1631/jzus.2005.b0373

2024. Data-Driven Chemistry for Developing Organic Synthesis Routes for Functional Chemicals. Drug Development Supported by Informatics, Not applicable.
DOI: 10.1007/978-981-97-4828-0_12

2024. Contemporary Breakthroughs and Diverse Chemistry Innovations in Waterborne Polyurethane. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 32(8).
DOI: 10.1007/s10924-024-03437-9