Eucalyptus oil
[CAS# 8000-48-4]

Identification

• Classification: API >> Synthetic anti-infective drugs >> Disinfectant antiseptic
• Name: Eucalyptus oil
• Synonyms: 1,3,3-Trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2.]-octane
• Molecular Formula: C₁₀H₁₈O
• Molecular Weight: 154.25
• CAS Registry Number: 8000-48-4 (8055-93-4)
• EC Number: 616-775-9
• FEMA: 2466

Properties

• Density: 0.913
• Boiling point: 175 °C
• Refractive index: 1.4620-1.4640
• Flash point: 53 °C

Safety Data

• Hazard Symbols: GHS02;GHS07;GHS08;GHS09 Danger
• Risk Statements: H226-H304-H315-H317-H319-H411
• Safety Statements: P210-P233-P240-P241-P242-P243-P261-P264-P264+P265-P272-P273-P280-P301+P316-P302+P352-P303+P361+P353-P305+P351+P338-P321-P331-P332+P317-P333+P317-P337+P317-P362+P364-P370+P378-P391-P403+P235-P405-P501

Hazard Classification

Hazard	Class	Category Code	Hazard Statement
Skin irritation	Skin Irrit.	2	H315
Flammable liquids	Flam. Liq.	3	H226
Skin sensitization	Skin Sens.	1	H317
Chronic hazardous to the aquatic environment	Aquatic Chronic	2	H411
Aspiration hazard	Asp. Tox.	1	H304
Eye irritation	Eye Irrit.	2	H319
Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure	STOT SE	3	H336
Acute toxicity	Acute Tox.	4	H302
Chronic hazardous to the aquatic environment	Aquatic Chronic	1	H410
Skin sensitization	Skin Sens.	1B	H317
Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure	STOT SE	3	H335
Acute toxicity	Acute Tox.	4	H312
Acute toxicity	Acute Tox.	4	H332

• Transport Information: UN 2319

Discovery and Applications

Eucalyptus oil is an essential oil derived from the leaves of eucalyptus trees, primarily Eucalyptus globulus, native to Australia. The oil is obtained through steam distillation, resulting in a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a distinctive, fresh, and camphoraceous aroma. Eucalyptus oil has a well-established history of use in various applications, including medicinal, industrial, and household purposes.

The medicinal properties of eucalyptus oil were first recognized by the indigenous peoples of Australia, who utilized the leaves for their antiseptic and healing qualities. European settlers in the early 19th century adopted these practices, leading to the oil's incorporation into Western medicine. By the mid-1800s, eucalyptus oil was being produced commercially, with its use expanding globally.

The primary active compound in eucalyptus oil is 1,8-cineole (also known as eucalyptol), which constitutes a significant portion of the oil's composition. This compound is responsible for many of the oil's therapeutic properties, including its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects.

Eucalyptus oil is commonly used in over-the-counter products such as cough syrups, lozenges, and inhalants to alleviate symptoms of colds, coughs, and congestion. Its expectorant properties help in clearing mucus from the airways. Applied topically, eucalyptus oil can provide relief from muscle and joint pain due to its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is often included in massage oils and creams for this purpose. Eucalyptus oil exhibits strong antibacterial and antifungal activities, making it effective in preventing infections and promoting wound healing. In dental care, eucalyptus oil is used in mouthwashes and toothpaste to reduce plaque formation and combat gingivitis. The invigorating aroma of eucalyptus oil is utilized in aromatherapy to promote mental clarity, relaxation, and stress relief. Due to its antimicrobial properties, eucalyptus oil is incorporated into household cleaning products, serving as a natural disinfectant for surfaces and air fresheners.

While eucalyptus oil is generally safe when used appropriately, it should be used with caution. Always dilute eucalyptus oil before applying it to the skin to prevent irritation. Ingesting eucalyptus oil can be toxic and should be avoided. Keep eucalyptus oil out of reach of children and pets, as it can be harmful if ingested.

In summary, eucalyptus oil is a versatile essential oil with a rich history of use in medicinal, industrial, and household applications. Its primary active ingredient, 1,8-cineole, is responsible for many of its therapeutic and aromatic properties. When used responsibly, eucalyptus oil offers a range of benefits across various domains.

References

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