Creosote wood
[CAS# 8021-39-4]

Identification

• Name: Creosote wood
• Synonyms: Beechwood creosote; Creasote; Creosote beechwood; Wood creosote
• CAS Registry Number: 8021-39-4
• EC Number: 232-419-1

Properties

• Boiling point: 203-220 °C

Safety Data

• Hazard Symbols: GHS07;GHS08;GHS09 Danger
• Risk Statements: H315-H317-H319-H350-H360-H400-H410
• Safety Statements: P203-P261-P264-P264+P265-P272-P273-P280-P302+P352-P305+P351+P338-P318-P321-P332+P317-P333+P317-P337+P317-P362+P364-P391-P405-P501

Hazard Classification

Hazard	Class	Category Code	Hazard Statement
Skin corrosion	Skin Corr.	1B	H314
Acute toxicity	Acute Tox.	3	H311
Germ cell mutagenicity	Muta.	2	H341
Acute toxicity	Acute Tox.	3	H301
Skin sensitization	Skin Sens.	1	H317
Specific target organ toxicity - repeated exposure	STOT RE	2	H373
Chronic hazardous to the aquatic environment	Aquatic Chronic	3	H412
Acute toxicity	Acute Tox.	4	H332
Acute toxicity	Acute Tox.	4	H302
Skin irritation	Skin Irrit.	2	H315
Eye irritation	Eye Irrit.	2	H319
Acute toxicity	Acute Tox.	3	H331
Chronic hazardous to the aquatic environment	Aquatic Chronic	2	H411
Serious eye damage	Eye Dam.	1	H318
Reproductive toxicity	Repr.	2	H361

Discovery and Applications

Creosote, a tar-like substance derived from the distillation of wood tar, particularly from beechwood, was discovered in the early 19th century. The substance gained attention due to its preservative properties and medicinal uses. The process of extracting creosote from wood was pioneered by Carl Reichenbach, a German chemist, in 1832. He identified its ability to preserve wood and protect it from decay and insects. The distinctive smoky smell and antiseptic properties of creosote made it a valuable commodity in various industries, particularly in timber preservation.

One of the primary uses of creosote wood is in the preservation of timber. Creosote's ability to protect wood from rot, fungi, and insects makes it ideal for treating railway sleepers, utility poles, marine pilings, and other outdoor wooden structures. The treatment extends the lifespan of wood significantly, reducing the need for frequent replacements and maintenance. This application has been crucial in industries where durability and longevity of wooden structures are essential.

Beyond timber preservation, creosote wood is used in various industrial applications. It is employed as a component in the production of carbon black, a material used in rubber production, particularly for tires. Creosote is also used in the treatment of textiles and cordage to enhance their durability and resistance to weathering. These industrial applications leverage the preservative properties of creosote to improve the longevity and performance of materials.

Historically, creosote wood was used for its medicinal properties. It was employed as an antiseptic and disinfectant, treating wounds and infections. Additionally, it was used as an expectorant for respiratory ailments, helping to clear mucus and alleviate symptoms of bronchitis and tuberculosis. While these medicinal uses have largely been replaced by modern pharmaceuticals, creosote's role in early medicine underscores its significance in the history of medical treatments.

In construction, creosote-treated wood is used for building bridges, docks, and retaining walls. The preservative qualities of creosote make it suitable for structures exposed to harsh environmental conditions, including water and soil. This application ensures that such structures remain stable and functional over extended periods, contributing to the safety and reliability of infrastructure projects.

While creosote wood has many beneficial uses, it also poses environmental and health risks. The toxic compounds in creosote can leach into the soil and water, posing a threat to ecosystems and human health. As a result, the use of creosote-treated wood is regulated in many countries. Alternatives and safer preservatives are being developed to mitigate these risks, although creosote remains in use for specific applications where its benefits outweigh the potential hazards.

References

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