Fluralaner
[CAS# 864731-61-3]

Identification

• Classification: Chemical pesticide >> Insecticide
• Name: Fluralaner
• Synonyms: 4-[5-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-2-methyl-N-[2-oxo-2-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)amino]ethyl]benzamide; A 1443; AH 252723; Bravecto
• Molecular Formula: C₂₂H₁₇Cl₂F₆N₃O₃
• Molecular Weight: 556.29
• CAS Registry Number: 864731-61-3
• EC Number: 689-035-6
• SMILES: CC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=NOC(C2)(C3=CC(=CC(=C3)Cl)Cl)C(F)(F)F)C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(F)(F)F

Properties

• Solubility: Insoluble (3.6E^-4 g/L) (25 °C), Calc.^*
• Density: 1.51±0.1 g/cm³ (20 °C 760 Torr), Calc.^*

^* Calculated using Advanced Chemistry Development (ACD/Labs) Software V11.02 (©1994-2018 ACD/Labs)

Safety Data

• Hazard Symbols: GHS08;GHS09 Warning
• Risk Statements: H361-H410
• Safety Statements: P203-P273-P280-P318-P391-P405-P501

Hazard Classification

Hazard	Class	Category Code	Hazard Statement
Chronic hazardous to the aquatic environment	Aquatic Chronic	1	H410
Reproductive toxicity	Repr.	2	H361
Acute hazardous to the aquatic environment	Aquatic Acute	1	H400

Discovery and Applications

Fluralaner is a novel isoxazoline compound recognized for its potent insecticidal and acaricidal properties. Initially developed for veterinary use, fluralaner has gained prominence in the agricultural and veterinary fields due to its effectiveness against a broad spectrum of parasites, including fleas and ticks. The compound was first synthesized in the early 2010s by researchers at Merck Animal Health, who aimed to create a new class of parasiticides with improved safety and efficacy compared to existing treatments.

The discovery of fluralaner was a result of extensive research into the mechanisms of action of insecticides. Isoxazolines, including fluralaner, inhibit the function of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate-gated chloride channels in the nervous system of insects and arachnids, leading to paralysis and death. This unique mechanism differentiates fluralaner from traditional insecticides, which often target acetylcholinesterase or other pathways.

Fluralaner was introduced to the market as a topical formulation for dogs and cats, marketed under brand names such as Bravecto. Its long-lasting efficacy, providing protection for up to 12 weeks against fleas and ticks, has made it a popular choice among veterinarians and pet owners. In addition to its use in companion animals, fluralaner has been explored for application in livestock, offering an effective means of controlling ectoparasites that can affect animal health and productivity.

In agriculture, fluralaner has been investigated as a potential tool for integrated pest management due to its systemic properties, allowing it to be absorbed by plants and provide protection against insect pests. The compound's selective action and lower toxicity to beneficial insects make it a promising candidate for sustainable agricultural practices.

Research continues into the broader applications of fluralaner, including its potential use in other veterinary and agricultural settings. Its discovery marked a significant advancement in parasiticide development, contributing to enhanced control strategies against harmful pests while addressing concerns related to resistance and environmental impact.

Fluralaner's unique profile as an isoxazoline compound underscores its significance in modern pest control strategies, offering effective solutions for both veterinary and agricultural applications.

References

2014. The novel isoxazoline ectoparasiticide fluralaner: Selective inhibition of arthropod γ-aminobutyric acid- and L-glutamate-gated chloride channels and insecticidal/acaricidal activity. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 45.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2013.11.009

2014. Safety of fluralaner chewable tablets (Bravecto™), a novel systemic antiparasitic drug, in dogs after oral administration. Parasites & Vectors, 7(1).
DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-87

2024. Enzootic stability of tick fever in Holstein calves grazing in a tropical region, subjected to strategic cattle tick control with fluralaner. Parasites & Vectors, 17(1).
DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06212-w