Flame retardants are chemical compounds used to inhibit or suppress the spread of flames in materials like textiles, plastics, and foams. They work by either creating a protective barrier that reduces the material's flammability or by releasing fire-extinguishing gases when exposed to heat. Flame retardants are crucial for enhancing fire safety in various industries, from construction to electronics. However, there is growing concern over the environmental and health impacts of certain flame retardants, leading to the development of more sustainable and safer alternatives.