Citronellol
[CAS# 106-22-9]

Identification

• Classification: Flavors and spices >> Synthetic spice >> Alcoholic spice >> Terpene alcohol
• Name: Citronellol
• Synonyms: beta-Citronellol; 2,3-Dihydrogeraniol; 3,7-Dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol
• Molecular Formula: C₁₀H₂₀O
• Molecular Weight: 156.27
• CAS Registry Number: 106-22-9 (26489-01-0)
• EC Number: 203-375-0
• FEMA: 2309
• SMILES: CC(CCC=C(C)C)CCO

Properties

• Density: 0.854
• Melting point: 77-83 °C
• Boiling point: 222 °C
• Refractive index: 1.455-1.458
• Flash point: 79 °C
• Water solubility: SLIGHTLY SOLUBLE

Safety Data

• Hazard Symbols: GHS07 Warning
• Risk Statements: H315-H317-H319
• Safety Statements: P261-P264-P264+P265-P272-P280-P302+P352-P305+P351+P338-P321-P332+P317-P333+P317-P337+P317-P362+P364-P501

Hazard Classification

Hazard	Class	Category Code	Hazard Statement
Skin irritation	Skin Irrit.	2	H315
Eye irritation	Eye Irrit.	2	H319
Skin sensitization	Skin Sens.	1	H317
Skin sensitization	Skin Sens.	1B	H317
Chronic hazardous to the aquatic environment	Aquatic Chronic	2	H411
Chronic hazardous to the aquatic environment	Aquatic Chronic	4	H413
Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure	STOT SE	3	H335
Respiratory sensitization	Resp. Sens.	1B	H334
Serious eye damage	Eye Dam.	1	H318
Chronic hazardous to the aquatic environment	Aquatic Chronic	4	H411

Discovery and Applications

Citronellol, a natural acyclic monoterpenoid alcohol, was first identified in citronella oil extracted from Cymbopogon species in the 19th century. Its discovery is attributed to the French chemist Demachy in 1871, who isolated it along with other components of citronella oil. Citronellol contributes to the characteristic floral and citrusy aroma of citronella oil, which has long been used in traditional medicine and perfumery.

Citronellol is a key ingredient in perfumery, valued for its fresh, floral scent with hints of rose and citrus. It is widely used in perfumes, colognes, and fragrances for its pleasant aroma and ability to blend well with other floral and citrus notes. Citronellol adds a bright and uplifting quality to fragrances, making it popular in both men's and women's perfumery.

In the food industry, citronellol is used as a flavoring agent and food additive, providing a fresh and citrusy aroma to various products. It is commonly found in confectionery, beverages, and baked goods, where it enhances the overall flavor profile. Citronellol is also used in herbal teas and aromatics, adding a refreshing and invigorating scent.

Citronellol is utilized in aromatherapy for its therapeutic properties. It is known for its calming and relaxing effects, making it a popular choice for stress relief and promoting mental well-being. Citronellol essential oil is diffused or added to massage oils and bath products to create a soothing atmosphere and alleviate tension and anxiety.

Citronellol is a common ingredient in cosmetics and personal care products such as lotions, creams, and skincare formulations. It serves as a fragrance enhancer, imparting a pleasant scent to products while providing additional benefits for the skin. Citronellol is valued for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which help soothe and rejuvenate the skin.

Due to its natural insect-repelling properties, citronellol is used in insect repellent products such as sprays, lotions, and candles. It is effective against mosquitoes, flies, and other insects, making it a preferred alternative to synthetic repellents containing DEET. Citronellol-based insect repellents are popular for outdoor activities and camping, offering protection against insect bites while enjoying the outdoors.

Citronellol exhibits antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, making it useful in pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations. It is incorporated into oral care products such as mouthwashes and toothpaste for its antibacterial effects, helping to maintain oral hygiene and prevent dental plaque. Citronellol's antioxidant activity also contributes to its potential as a natural preservative in skincare products, extending shelf life and protecting against oxidation.

References

2024. Odor prediction of whiskies based on their molecular composition. Communications Chemistry, 7(1).
DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01373-2

2024. Effect of underwater aging treatment on wine quality: a preliminary study. European Food Research and Technology, 250(12).
DOI: 10.1007/s00217-024-04637-2

2024. Advancements and prospects in China’s edible rose industry: breeding, cultivation, and processing. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 26(12).
DOI: 10.1007/s10668-024-05765-1