Potassium acetate
[CAS# 127-08-2]

Identification

• Classification: API >> Water, electrolyte and acid-base balance regulator >> Electrolyte balance regulator
• Name: Potassium acetate
• Synonyms: Acetic acid potassium salt
• Molecular Formula: C₂H₃KO₂
• Molecular Weight: 98.14
• CAS Registry Number: 127-08-2
• EC Number: 204-822-2
• FEMA: 2920
• SMILES: CC(=O)[O-].[K+]

Properties

• Density: 1.57
• Melting point: 292 °C
• Water solubility: 2694 g/L (25 °C)

Safety Data

• Hazard Symbols: GHS07 Warning
• Risk Statements: H315-H319-H335
• Safety Statements: P261-P264-P264+P265-P271-P280-P302+P352-P304+P340-P305+P351+P338-P319-P321-P332+P317-P337+P317-P362+P364-P403+P233-P405-P501

Hazard Classification

Hazard	Class	Category Code	Hazard Statement
Eye irritation	Eye Irrit.	2	H319
Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure	STOT SE	3	H335
Skin irritation	Skin Irrit.	2	H315
Acute toxicity	Acute Tox.	4	H302
Eye irritation	Eye Irrit.	2A	H319

Discovery and Applications

Potassium acetate is a white, hygroscopic salt with the chemical formula KCH3COO. This compound is the potassium salt of acetic acid, formed by the neutralization of acetic acid with potassium hydroxide or potassium carbonate. Potassium acetate is highly soluble in water, and its solution is mildly alkaline. The discovery of potassium acetate can be traced back to the early studies of organic acids and their salts, which began in the late 18th century. As researchers explored the properties and reactions of various organic compounds, they identified the potential of acetate salts, including potassium acetate, in various applications.

One of the primary applications of potassium acetate is in the food industry, where it serves as a food additive. It is commonly used as a preservative and flavoring agent, providing a mild, salty taste to various food products. Potassium acetate also acts as a buffering agent, helping to maintain the pH levels in food items and enhancing the overall stability of the product. Its low sodium content makes it a favorable alternative to sodium acetate, especially in low-sodium food formulations.

In addition to its food applications, potassium acetate is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry. It is an important component in the production of potassium supplements, helping to prevent and treat potassium deficiency in patients. Potassium acetate is also utilized in intravenous (IV) solutions, where it serves as an electrolyte to help maintain proper fluid and electrolyte balance in patients receiving medical treatment. Its role in these formulations underscores the importance of potassium in biological systems and human health.

Another significant application of potassium acetate lies in its use as a de-icing agent. Due to its ability to lower the freezing point of water, potassium acetate is used for treating roads, runways, and parking lots in cold climates. It is less corrosive than traditional de-icing agents like sodium chloride, making it a more environmentally friendly alternative. The compound's efficacy in melting ice and snow while minimizing damage to infrastructure and surrounding vegetation has led to its increasing adoption by municipalities and airports.

Potassium acetate also finds applications in laboratories and industrial processes. It is used as a reagent in various chemical reactions, including the synthesis of other potassium salts and organic compounds. Additionally, it serves as a buffering agent in biochemical assays and other laboratory procedures, helping to maintain stable pH conditions during experiments. The versatility of potassium acetate in different chemical contexts highlights its importance in both academic and industrial research.

The synthesis of potassium acetate can be achieved through the reaction of acetic acid with potassium hydroxide or potassium carbonate, yielding a white crystalline solid. The production process is straightforward and can be scaled up for commercial applications, ensuring a steady supply of this valuable compound for various industries.

Despite its wide range of applications, safety considerations should be taken into account when handling potassium acetate. While it is generally regarded as safe in food applications and pharmaceuticals, proper storage and handling practices should be observed to prevent exposure and ensure stability.

In conclusion, potassium acetate is a versatile chemical compound with diverse applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries. Its discovery marked a significant advancement in organic chemistry, and its continued use reflects the ongoing need for effective compounds in various applications. As research progresses, further exploration of potassium acetate’s potential uses and benefits is expected, contributing to innovations in multiple fields.

References

1970. Thymineless death in Lactobacillus acidophilus R-26. Folia Microbiologica, 15(1).
DOI: 10.1007/bf02867046

2024. Evaluation and prediction of synergistic antioxidant effects of green walnut hulls, potato peel, and date pulp extracts on the stability of sunflower oil by deep neural networks. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 18(9).
DOI: 10.1007/s11694-024-02903-1

2003. Influence of residual ethanol concentration on the growth of Gluconacetobacter xylinus I 2281. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 62(2-3).
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-003-1299-2