Dipentene
[CAS# 138-86-3]

Identification

• Classification: Organic raw materials >> Hydrocarbon compounds and their derivatives >> Acyclic hydrocarbon
• Name: Dipentene
• Synonyms: 1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene; 4-(1-Methylethenyl)-1-methyl-cyclohexene; 4-Isopropenyl-1-methyl-1-cyclohexene; p-Mentha-1,8-diene; Cajeputene; Ciene; Cinene; Cyclil decene; Eulimen; Limonene; Nesol; Terpodiene
• Molecular Formula: C₁₀H₁₆
• Molecular Weight: 136.24
• CAS Registry Number: 138-86-3
• EC Number: 205-341-0
• SMILES: CC1=CCC(CC1)C(=C)C

Properties

• Density: 0.84
• Melting point: -97 °C
• Boiling point: 178 °C
• Refractive index: 1.472-1.485
• Flash point: 46 °C
• Water solubility: <1 g/100mL

Safety Data

• Hazard Symbols: GHS02;GHS07;GHS08;GHS09 Danger
• Risk Statements: H226-H304-H315-H317-H319-H400-H410
• Safety Statements: P210-P233-P240-P241-P242-P243-P261-P264-P264+P265-P272-P273-P280-P301+P316-P302+P352-P303+P361+P353-P305+P351+P338-P321-P331-P332+P317-P333+P317-P337+P317-P362+P364-P370+P378-P391-P403+P235-P405-P501

Hazard Classification

Hazard	Class	Category Code	Hazard Statement
Chronic hazardous to the aquatic environment	Aquatic Chronic	1	H410
Skin irritation	Skin Irrit.	2	H315
Flammable liquids	Flam. Liq.	3	H226
Acute hazardous to the aquatic environment	Aquatic Acute	1	H400
Skin sensitization	Skin Sens.	1	H317
Aspiration hazard	Asp. Tox.	1	H304
Eye irritation	Eye Irrit.	2	H319
Skin sensitization	Skin Sens.	1B	H317
Skin corrosion	Skin Corr.	1A	H315
Flammable liquids	Flam. Liq.	1	H226

• Transport Information: UN 2052

Discovery and Applications

Dipentene, also known as limonene, is a naturally occurring compound found in the essential oils of various citrus fruits, especially oranges and lemons. Its discovery dates back to the early exploration of plant fragrances by botanists and chemists. The compound's unique citrus aroma and versatile properties have sparked scientific interest, leading to research into its chemical composition, extraction methods, and applications in various industries.

Dipentene is widely used in the flavor and fragrance industry and is a key ingredient in citrus-flavored products and perfumes. Its fresh, tangy aroma, reminiscent of oranges and lemons, makes it a popular choice for enhancing the flavor and aroma of foods, beverages, cosmetics, and household products.

Dipentene is used as a solvent in industrial and household cleaning products due to its excellent degreasing and solvent properties. It is commonly used in citrus cleaners, degreasers, and solvent formulations to remove lipids, oils, and residues from surfaces. Dipentene-based cleaners are popular for their effectiveness, pleasant fragrance, and biodegradability.

Dipentene can be used as a solvent and additive in paints, coatings, and varnishes to enhance their application properties and performance. It improves the flow and leveling of paints, promotes pigment dispersion, and enhances adhesion to surfaces. Dipentene-based paint formulations are used in architectural coatings, automotive topcoats, and industrial coatings for their low toxicity and environmental compatibility.

Dipentene is added to adhesive and sealant formulations as a solvent and plasticizer to improve viscosity, tack, and adhesion. It is used in construction adhesives, sealants, and caulks to bond materials such as wood, metal, glass, and plastic. Dipentene-based adhesives provide strong adhesion, flexibility, and weatherability in a variety of construction and assembly applications.

Dipentene is used as a monomer, plasticizer, or modifier in the production of synthetic polymers and resins. It is used in the synthesis of polystyrene, polyethylene, and other polymer materials to enhance mechanical properties, flexibility, and processability. Dipentene-based polymers are used in packaging, construction, and automotive industries.

Dipentene has insecticidal properties and is used in pesticides and pest control to repel or eliminate pests such as ants, flies, and mosquitoes. It is a natural insect repellent and insecticide that disrupts insect behavior and physiological functions. Dipentene-based insecticides provide effective pest management solutions for both indoor and outdoor applications.

Dipentene can be used in a variety of industrial processes, including metal cleaning, degreasing, and surface preparation. It can be used as a solvent to remove oils, greases, and contaminants from metal surfaces prior to painting, plating, or coating. Dipentene-based industrial cleaners provide an efficient and environmentally friendly solution for metal fabrication and maintenance.

References

2025. Efficient epoxidation of (R)-(+)-limonene to limonene dioxide through peracids generated using whole-cell Rhizopus oryzae lipase. Bioresource Technology.
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131645

2010. Selective extraction of natural products with benign solvents and recovery by organophilic pervaporation: fractionation of d-limonene from orange peels. Green Chemistry, 12(11).
DOI: 10.1039/c0gc00339e

2008. High-resolution mass spectrometric analysis of secondary organic aerosol produced by ozonation of limonene. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 10(7).
DOI: 10.1039/b712620d