Olopatadine hydrochloride
[CAS# 140462-76-6]

Identification

• Classification: Biochemical >> Inhibitor >> Neuronal signaling >> Histamine receptor antagonist
• Name: Olopatadine hydrochloride
• Synonyms: (Z)-11-[3-(Dimethylamino)propylidene]-6,11-dihydrodibenz[b,e]oxepin-2-acetic acid hydrochloride
• Molecular Formula: C₂₁H₂₃NO₃.HCl
• Molecular Weight: 373.88
• CAS Registry Number: 140462-76-6
• EC Number: 604-185-4
• SMILES: CN(C)CC/C=C1/C2=CC=CC=C2COC3=C1C=C(C=C3)CC(=O)O.Cl

Properties

• Solubility: 10 mM (DMSO)

Safety Data

• Hazard Symbols: GHS06;GHS09 Danger
• Risk Statements: H301-H400
• Safety Statements: P264-P270-P273-P301+P316-P321-P330-P391-P405-P501

Hazard Classification

Hazard	Class	Category Code	Hazard Statement
Acute toxicity	Acute Tox.	3	H301
Acute hazardous to the aquatic environment	Aquatic Acute	1	H400
Reproductive toxicity	Repr.	2	H361
Acute toxicity	Acute Tox.	4	H302
Acute toxicity	Acute Tox.	4	H332
Skin irritation	Skin Irrit.	2	H315
Eye irritation	Eye Irrit.	2	H319
Acute toxicity	Acute Tox.	4	H312
Reproductive toxicity	Lact.	-	H362
Germ cell mutagenicity	Muta.	2	H341

Discovery and Applications

Olopatadine hydrochloride is a significant antihistamine medication used extensively to treat various allergic conditions. Discovered in the 1990s, olopatadine represents a considerable advancement in allergy treatment, thanks to its effectiveness and reduced side effects compared to earlier antihistamines.

The development of olopatadine was aimed at improving upon the limitations of first-generation antihistamines, which often caused drowsiness and other central nervous system effects. Olopatadine is a selective H1-receptor antagonist, meaning it targets the specific histamine receptors responsible for allergic reactions while minimizing side effects related to sedation. This selectivity has made it a preferred choice in managing allergic symptoms.

Olopatadine hydrochloride is available in two primary formulations: oral tablets and ophthalmic solutions. The oral form is used for treating allergic rhinitis, which includes both seasonal and perennial types. Allergic rhinitis is characterized by symptoms such as sneezing, nasal congestion, and itching. By blocking histamine receptors, olopatadine helps alleviate these symptoms and improve the quality of life for those affected.

The ophthalmic solution of olopatadine is used to manage allergic conjunctivitis, a condition where allergens cause inflammation and irritation of the eyes. This form of olopatadine provides direct relief to the eyes, reducing symptoms such as itching, redness, and swelling. The targeted action of the eye drops ensures that relief is localized, minimizing systemic effects.

One of the notable advantages of olopatadine is its long duration of action. It typically requires once or twice-daily dosing, which enhances patient compliance and ensures prolonged relief from symptoms. Compared to older antihistamines, olopatadine generally has fewer side effects. Common side effects include headache, dry mouth, and mild gastrointestinal issues, which are usually manageable and temporary.

The efficacy and safety profile of olopatadine hydrochloride reflect its advanced formulation. Its development aligns with ongoing efforts in the pharmaceutical industry to create more effective treatments for allergies with improved tolerability. The ability to manage both nasal and ocular allergic symptoms with minimal side effects has made olopatadine a valuable option for patients with allergies.

Overall, olopatadine hydrochloride stands out as a modern and effective antihistamine. Its discovery and subsequent development have provided significant improvements in allergy management, focusing on reducing adverse effects while maintaining high therapeutic efficacy.

References

1992. Synthesis and antiallergic activity of 11-(aminoalkylidene)-6,11-dihydrodibenz[b,e]oxepin derivatives. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. Etsuo Ohshima, Shizuo Otaki, Hideyuki Sato, Toshiaki Kumazawa, Hiroyuki Obase, Akio Ishii, Hidee Ishii, Kenji Ohmori, Noriaki Hirayama.
DOI: 10.1021/jm00089a020

2024. Efficacy and safety of the combination nasal spray olopatadine hydrochloride-mometasone furoate in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Allergo Journal International. Ludger Klimek, Felix Klimek, Christoph Bergmann, Jan Hagemann, Mandy Cuevas, Sven Becker.
DOI: 10.1007/s40629-023-00282-5

2024. Sustained Delivery of Olopatadine from Vitamin-E Loaded Contact Lenses. Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics. Inês M. Reis, Philip J. Dixon, Poorvajan Sekar, Anuj Chauhan.
DOI: 10.1089/jop.2023.0111