Diamminedinitritoplatinum(II)
[CAS# 14286-02-3]

Identification

• Classification: Organic raw materials >> Organometallic compound >> Organic hafnium, mercury, silver, platinum, etc.
• Name: Diamminedinitritoplatinum(II)
• Synonyms: Diammineplatinum(II) nitrite
• Molecular Formula: Pt.(NH₃)₂.(NO₂)₂
• Molecular Weight: 321.15
• CAS Registry Number: 14286-02-3
• EC Number: 238-203-3
• SMILES: N.N.N(=O)[O-].N(=O)[O-].[Pt+2]

Properties

• Density: 1.015 g/mL (25 °C)

Safety Data

• Hazard Symbols: GHS05;GHS07;GHS09 Danger
• Risk Statements: H314-H335-H410
• Safety Statements: P261-P271-P273-P280-P303+P361+P353-P305+P351+P338

Hazard Classification

Hazard	Class	Category Code	Hazard Statement
Serious eye damage	Eye Dam.	1	H318
Chronic hazardous to the aquatic environment	Aquatic Chronic	1	H410
Acute hazardous to the aquatic environment	Aquatic Acute	1	H400
Skin sensitization	Skin Sens.	1A	H317
Skin irritation	Skin Irrit.	2	H315
Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure	STOT SE	3	H335
Eye irritation	Eye Irrit.	2	H319
Explosives	Expl.	1.1	H201
Respiratory sensitization	Resp. Sens.	1	H334
Acute toxicity	Acute Tox.	4	H302
Skin sensitization	Skin Sens.	1	H317
Oxidising solids	Ox. Sol.	2	H272

Discovery and Applications

Diamminedinitritoplatinum(II), commonly referred to as cisplatin, is a platinum-containing compound that has played a pivotal role in cancer chemotherapy. Discovered in 1845 by the chemist Michele Peyrone, the compound's significance in medicine was not realized until the 1960s, when its potent anticancer properties were first demonstrated. The compound consists of a platinum center coordinated with two ammonia molecules and two nitrite (NO2) groups, arranged in a square planar geometry around the platinum atom. Cisplatin's chemical structure allows it to form cross-links with DNA, which impedes the DNA's replication and transcription processes, leading to cell death.

Cisplatin was first studied as a potential anticancer agent when it was found that platinum compounds could damage the DNA of cancer cells. The compound was further developed by researchers including Barnett Rosenberg, who discovered that it could inhibit the growth of bacteria in the 1960s. Subsequent studies revealed that cisplatin could also be effective against various types of cancer, including testicular, ovarian, bladder, and lung cancers. This discovery led to the approval of cisplatin as a chemotherapy drug in the 1970s, and it has since become one of the most widely used anticancer agents worldwide.

The synthesis of diamminedinitritoplatinum(II) is typically achieved by reacting platinum(II) salts, such as platinum(II) chloride, with ammonia and sodium nitrite in an aqueous solution. The resulting compound is usually purified through recrystallization, and its purity is essential for its effectiveness in medical applications. Cisplatin is typically administered intravenously, and its dosage is carefully controlled due to potential side effects, including nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity.

In addition to its clinical use, diamminedinitritoplatinum(II) has been the subject of extensive research aimed at understanding its mechanism of action, improving its efficacy, and reducing side effects. Variants of cisplatin, such as carboplatin and oxaliplatin, have been developed to overcome some of the limitations of the parent compound. These platinum-based drugs have become integral components of modern chemotherapy regimens, and research continues to explore novel platinum compounds with improved selectivity and reduced toxicity.

Beyond cancer treatment, cisplatin has also found use in laboratory research, particularly in studies involving DNA repair mechanisms and cellular responses to DNA damage. Its ability to form covalent bonds with DNA makes it a valuable tool for understanding the molecular basis of various biological processes.

The ongoing research into platinum-based drugs and their applications in cancer therapy highlights the enduring importance of diamminedinitritoplatinum(II) in modern medicine.

References

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