cis-Diamminediiodoplatinum
[CAS# 15978-93-5]

Identification

• Classification: Inorganic chemical industry >> Inorganic salt >> Metal halides and halides >> Metal iodide and salt
• Name: cis-Diamminediiodoplatinum
• Synonyms: cis-Diamminediiodoplatinum (II)
• Molecular Formula: H₆I₂N₂Pt
• Molecular Weight: 482.95
• CAS Registry Number: 15978-93-5
• EC Number: 240-115-5
• SMILES: N.N.I[Pt]I

Safety Data

• Hazard Symbols: GHS06;GHS07;GHS08 Danger
• Risk Statements: H300-H300-H310-H317-H319-H334-H340-H350-H360
• Safety Statements: P203-P233-P260-P261-P262-P264-P264+P265-P270-P271-P272-P280-P284-P301+P316-P302+P352-P304+P340-P305+P351+P338-P316-P318-P321-P330-P333+P317-P337+P317-P342+P316-P361+P364-P362+P364-P403-P405-P501

Hazard Classification

Hazard	Class	Category Code	Hazard Statement
Respiratory sensitization	Resp. Sens.	1	H334
Germ cell mutagenicity	Muta.	1B	H340
Acute toxicity	Acute Tox.	1	H310
Acute toxicity	Acute Tox.	2	H300
Eye irritation	Eye Irrit.	2	H319
Reproductive toxicity	Repr.	1B	H360
Skin sensitization	Skin Sens.	1	H317
Carcinogenicity	Carc.	1B	H350

Discovery and Applications

Cis-diamminediiodoplatinum, commonly referred to as cis-DDP-I or simply iodoplatinum, is a platinum-based compound that belongs to a class of drugs known as platinum antitumor agents. Like cisplatin, it contains a platinum ion coordinated to ammine and halide groups, though in this case, iodide ions replace chloride ions. While cis-diamminediiodoplatinum is not as widely recognized or utilized in clinical practice as its better-known counterpart, cisplatin, it shares a similar mechanism of action and has been studied for its potential anticancer properties.

The structure of cis-diamminediiodoplatinum involves a central platinum(II) ion coordinated to two ammine groups (NH₃) and two iodide ions (I⁻). This structure is quite similar to cisplatin, which has chloride ions in place of the iodide ions. The key difference in this compound is the substitution of iodide ions, which can affect its reactivity and interactions with biological molecules.

As with other platinum-based anticancer agents, cis-diamminediiodoplatinum works by interfering with DNA replication within cancer cells. It exerts its cytotoxic effects by binding to the DNA in a similar manner to cisplatin, forming covalent bonds with the purine bases, particularly guanine. This leads to the formation of DNA adducts, which result in DNA cross-links, preventing the strands from separating and inhibiting DNA replication. These disruptions in DNA function trigger cellular stress responses, often leading to cell death, particularly in rapidly dividing cancer cells.

The introduction of iodide ions in cis-diamminediiodoplatinum may alter the compound's pharmacological properties, such as its solubility, stability, and the way it interacts with cellular targets. For example, iodide ions may make the compound more reactive in certain environments or change its ability to penetrate the cell membrane, which could potentially enhance or reduce its effectiveness compared to cisplatin.

Although cis-diamminediiodoplatinum has been investigated in laboratory settings, it has not been widely developed or approved for clinical use in the same way as cisplatin. The research on this compound is more limited, with some studies exploring its potential as a less toxic alternative or as a drug with a different spectrum of activity compared to other platinum-based chemotherapy agents.

As with other platinum-containing drugs, one of the main challenges in using cis-diamminediiodoplatinum for cancer treatment would be managing the side effects, which are often associated with nephrotoxicity (kidney damage), ototoxicity (hearing loss), and myelosuppression (bone marrow suppression). These side effects limit the use of platinum drugs, and it is likely that cis-diamminediiodoplatinum would face similar challenges.

In summary, cis-diamminediiodoplatinum is a platinum-based compound with properties similar to cisplatin but modified by the presence of iodide ions. While it has shown potential in preclinical studies, it has not been widely adopted in clinical practice. More research is needed to better understand its pharmacological properties and to determine whether it offers significant advantages over other platinum-based agents like cisplatin.

References

1991. Comparative nephrotoxicity studies of cisplatin and its iodinized derivative in rats. Archives of Toxicology. Supplement, 14.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-74936-0_43

2014. Stepwise encapsulation and controlled two-stage release system for cis-Diamminediiodoplatinum. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 9.
DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s61570

2020. Reactions of cisplatin and cis-[PtI2(NH3)2] with molecular models of relevant protein sidechains: A comparative analysis. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 209.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111096