Climbazole
[CAS# 38083-17-9]

Identification

• Classification: Chemical pesticide >> Fungicide >> Other fungicides
• Name: Climbazole
• Synonyms: 1-(4-Clorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(imidazole-1-yl)-2-butanone
• Molecular Formula: C₁₅H₁₇ClN₂O₂
• Molecular Weight: 292.76
• CAS Registry Number: 38083-17-9
• EC Number: 253-775-4
• SMILES: CC(C)(C)C(=O)C(N1C=CN=C1)OC2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl

Properties

• Solubility: 47mg/mL (DMSO)
• Melting point: 210-215 °C

Safety Data

• Hazard Symbols: GHS07;GHS09 Warning
• Risk Statements: H302-H400-H410-H412
• Safety Statements: P264-P270-P273-P301+P317-P330-P391-P501

Hazard Classification

Hazard	Class	Category Code	Hazard Statement
Acute toxicity	Acute Tox.	4	H302
Chronic hazardous to the aquatic environment	Aquatic Chronic	1	H410
Acute hazardous to the aquatic environment	Aquatic Acute	1	H400
Chronic hazardous to the aquatic environment	Aquatic Chronic	3	H412
Chronic hazardous to the aquatic environment	Aquatic Chronic	2	H411

• Transport Information: UN 3077

Discovery and Applications

Climbazole is a potent antifungal agent used primarily in personal care products to combat dandruff and other fungal infections. Its effectiveness and safety make it a key ingredient in the cosmetics industry.

Climbazole was developed in the 1970s in an effort to find effective treatments for fungal infections of the skin and scalp. Researchers focused on creating a compound that could inhibit fungal growth, specifically targeting the Malassezia fungus that is commonly associated with dandruff. Climbazole, whose chemical name is 1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-1-imidazol-1-yl-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one, has been found to be very effective in this regard.

Climbazole is a white to off-white crystalline powder with the molecular formula C15H17ClN2O2. It is slightly soluble in water but soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol and propylene glycol. Its antifungal properties stem from its ability to disrupt fungal cell membranes, thereby inhibiting their growth and proliferation.

The most common application of Climbazole is in anti-dandruff shampoo. It effectively reduces dandruff by inhibiting the growth of Malassezia yeast, which contributes to the formation of dandruff. Climbazole is often combined with other active ingredients, such as zinc pyrithione and ketoconazole, to enhance its effectiveness.

Climbazole is also used in various skin care formulations designed to treat fungal infections, such as tinea versicolor, tinea pedis, and ringworm. Its antifungal properties help relieve the symptoms of these infections and relieve itching and irritation.

In addition to shampoo, climbazole is also incorporated into other hair care products, such as conditioners and scalp care products. These products are designed to keep the scalp healthy and prevent the recurrence of dandruff and fungal infections.

Due to its antifungal properties, climbazole is sometimes used as a preservative in cosmetics. It helps extend the shelf life of these products by preventing fungal contamination.

Research on climbazole continues to explore its potential applications and improve its formulations. Advances in drug delivery systems and combination therapies are expected to increase its efficacy and expand its use in personal care and medical products.

References

2024. Fungal Fighters: A Comprehensive Guide to Antifungal Therapies of the Past, Present, and Future. Recent Advances in Human Fungal Diseases.
DOI: 10.1007/978-981-97-4909-6_2

2023. Evaluation of the QuEChERS extraction approach for the analysis of active compounds of pharmaceuticals in olive tree portions. Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture, 10.
DOI: 10.1186/s40538-023-00454-z

2002. Induction and Inhibition of Cytochrome P450 and Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes by Climbazole. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 25(1).
DOI: 10.1248/bpb.25.53