Ginsenoside Rb1
[CAS# 41753-43-9]

Identification

• Classification: Biochemical >> Plant extracts
• Name: Ginsenoside Rb1
• Synonyms: (3beta,12beta)-20-[(6-O-beta-D-Glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-12-hydroxydammar-24-en-3-yl2-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside
• Molecular Formula: C₅₄H₉₂O₂₃
• Molecular Weight: 1109.29
• CAS Registry Number: 41753-43-9
• EC Number: 255-532-8
• SMILES: CC(=CCC[C@@](C)([C@H]1CC[C@@]2([C@@H]1[C@@H](C[C@H]3[C@]2(CC[C@@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@@H](C4(C)C)O[C@H]5[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O5)CO)O)O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O)C)C)O)C)O[C@H]7[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O7)CO[C@H]8[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O8)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)C

Properties

• Solubility: Soluble (water), 9.8-10.2 mg/ml (methanol)
• Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm³, Calc.^*
• Index of Refraction: 1.626, Calc.^*
• Boiling Point: 1145.9±65.0 °C (760 mmHg), Calc.^*
• Flash Point: 646.8±34.3 °C, Calc.^*

^* Calculated using Advanced Chemistry Development (ACD/Labs) Software.

Safety Data

• Hazard Symbols: GHS07 Warning
• Risk Statements: H302-H312-H332
• Safety Statements: P261-P264-P270-P271-P280-P301+P317-P302+P352-P304+P340-P317-P321-P330-P362+P364-P501

Hazard Classification

Hazard	Class	Category Code	Hazard Statement
Acute toxicity	Acute Tox.	4	H302
Acute toxicity	Acute Tox.	4	H332
Acute toxicity	Acute Tox.	4	H312

Discovery and Applications

Ginsenoside Rb1 is a significant saponin derived from Panax ginseng, a traditional medicinal herb that has been used for centuries in various cultures, particularly in East Asia. The discovery of ginsenoside Rb1 dates back to the mid-20th century when researchers began isolating and identifying the active components of ginseng. Ginsenosides are a group of triterpenoid saponins, and Rb1 is one of the most prominent among them. Its molecular formula is C54H92O23, and its structure features a dammarane skeleton with multiple hydroxyl groups, contributing to its diverse biological activities.

Ginsenoside Rb1 is primarily extracted from ginseng roots through various methods, including solvent extraction and supercritical fluid extraction. The compound exhibits a range of pharmacological properties, making it a subject of extensive research. One of the key applications of ginsenoside Rb1 is in the field of traditional and complementary medicine. It is believed to possess adaptogenic properties, helping the body cope with stress and promoting overall wellness. As a result, ginsenoside Rb1 is often included in dietary supplements aimed at enhancing vitality and immune function.

In addition to its adaptogenic effects, ginsenoside Rb1 has been studied for its neuroprotective properties. Research indicates that it may play a role in protecting neurons from oxidative stress and apoptosis, making it a candidate for potential therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Studies have shown that ginsenoside Rb1 can enhance cognitive function, improve memory, and exhibit anti-inflammatory effects in neural tissues.

Furthermore, ginsenoside Rb1 has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, contributing to its potential in cardiovascular health. Research suggests that it may help lower blood pressure, improve blood circulation, and reduce cholesterol levels, which could mitigate the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Its anti-inflammatory properties also indicate a potential role in managing conditions characterized by chronic inflammation, such as arthritis and metabolic disorders.

In the field of cancer research, ginsenoside Rb1 has garnered interest for its potential anti-cancer effects. Preliminary studies have indicated that it may inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells and induce apoptosis in various cancer cell lines. The mechanisms behind these effects include modulation of signaling pathways involved in cell growth and survival, as well as the promotion of cancer cell differentiation.

Overall, ginsenoside Rb1 is a versatile compound with a rich history of use in traditional medicine and a growing body of scientific research supporting its various health benefits. Its applications range from promoting general wellness to potential therapeutic uses in neuroprotection, cardiovascular health, and cancer management. As research continues, ginsenoside Rb1 may further establish itself as a valuable component of modern health and wellness strategies.

References

2024. Impact of ginsenoside Rb1 on gut microbiome and associated changes in pharmacokinetics in rats. Scientific Reports, 14(1).
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-72225-1

2024. Preparation of pH-sensitive carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles loaded with ginsenoside Rb1 and evaluation of drug release in vitro. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 267(Pt 1).
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131487

2024. Ginsenoside Rb1 alleviates 3-MCPD-induced renal cell pyroptosis by activating mitophagy. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 186.
DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114522