Ginsenoside Re
[CAS# 52286-59-6]

Identification

• Classification: Biochemical >> Plant extracts
• Name: Ginsenoside Re
• Synonyms: (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(3S,5R,6S,8R,9R,10R,12R,13R,14R,17S)-3,12-dihydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-17-[(2S)-6-methyl-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyhept-5-en-2-yl]-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-yl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol
• Molecular Formula: C₄₈H₈₂O₁₈
• Molecular Weight: 947.14
• CAS Registry Number: 52286-59-6
• EC Number: 257-814-6
• SMILES: (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(3S,5R,6S,8R,9R,10R,12R,13R,14R,17S)-3,12-dihydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-17-[(2S)-6-methyl-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyhept-5-en-2-yl]-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-yl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol

Properties

• Solubility: 10 mM (DMSO)
• Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm³, Calc.^*
• Index of Refraction: 1.611, Calc.^*
• Boiling Point: 1011.8±65.0 °C (760 mmHg), Calc.^*
• Flash Point: 565.7±34.3 °C, Calc.^*

^* Calculated using Advanced Chemistry Development (ACD/Labs) Software.

Safety Data

• Hazard Symbols: GHS07 Warning
• Risk Statements: H302
• Safety Statements: P264-P270-P301+P317-P330-P501

Hazard Classification

Hazard	Class	Category Code	Hazard Statement
Acute toxicity	Acute Tox.	4	H302

Discovery and Applications

Ginsenoside Re is a prominent saponin compound derived from ginseng, a well-known medicinal herb used in traditional medicine, particularly in East Asia. The discovery of ginsenoside Re can be traced back to the 1970s when researchers first began to isolate various ginsenosides from Panax ginseng. Among the more than 30 ginsenosides identified, ginsenoside Re has attracted significant attention due to its unique structural characteristics and diverse biological activities. Its chemical structure includes a dammarane skeleton, which is typical of many ginsenosides, and contributes to its pharmacological properties.

The applications of ginsenoside Re are extensive, particularly in the fields of medicine and health supplements. Research has demonstrated that ginsenoside Re exhibits a wide array of pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. These effects have been linked to the compound's ability to modulate various signaling pathways and regulate the expression of genes involved in inflammation and oxidative stress. This makes ginsenoside Re a candidate for therapeutic use in managing chronic inflammatory diseases and conditions associated with oxidative damage.

One of the most notable applications of ginsenoside Re is in the realm of neuroprotection. Studies have shown that ginsenoside Re can protect neuronal cells from injury caused by oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. This property has led to investigations into its potential benefits for neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. By promoting neuronal survival and reducing inflammation, ginsenoside Re holds promise as a therapeutic agent for protecting brain health.

In addition to its neuroprotective effects, ginsenoside Re has been studied for its cardiovascular benefits. Research indicates that it can improve endothelial function and reduce blood pressure, potentially decreasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Ginsenoside Re's ability to enhance blood circulation and alleviate oxidative stress contributes to its cardioprotective properties, making it a valuable component in dietary supplements aimed at heart health.

Moreover, ginsenoside Re has garnered attention for its potential anti-cancer properties. Preliminary studies suggest that it may inhibit the proliferation of various cancer cell lines and induce apoptosis, or programmed cell death, in tumor cells. These findings point to ginsenoside Re’s potential role in cancer prevention and therapy, although more research is needed to fully understand its mechanisms and efficacy.

In the cosmetic industry, ginsenoside Re is increasingly recognized for its skin benefits. Its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties make it a popular ingredient in skincare products, where it is believed to enhance skin health and combat signs of aging. The incorporation of ginsenoside Re in cosmetic formulations highlights its versatility and appeal across different health and wellness sectors.

As research continues to uncover the diverse benefits of ginsenoside Re, its applications in dietary supplements, functional foods, and pharmaceuticals are expected to expand. The compound's unique profile of biological activities underscores its significance in traditional and modern medicine.

References

1980. The Ginsenosides of Various Ginseng Plants and Selected Products. Journal of Natural Products, 43(3).
DOI: 10.1021/np50009a004

2023. Integration of network pharmacology and proteomics analysis to identify key target pathways of Ginsenoside Re for myocardial ischemia. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology, 132.
DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155728

2023. Proposing anti-counterfeiting pharmacopoeia quality markers for Shenlingbaizhu granule based on UHPLC-Q-orbitrap-MS identification. Phytochemical analysis : PCA, 34(7).
DOI: 10.1002/pca.3284