Tea tree oil
[CAS# 68647-73-4]

Identification

• Classification: Food additive >> Antioxidants
• Name: Tea tree oil
• Synonyms: Melaleuca alternifolia oil; Melasol; Tea-tree oils; zinc bis(O,O-diheptyl dithiophosphate)
• Molecular Formula: C₂₈H₆₀O₄P₂S₄Zn
• Molecular Weight: 716.36
• CAS Registry Number: 68647-73-4
• EC Number: 614-679-1
• SMILES: CCCCCCCOP(=S)(OCCCCCCC)[S-].CCCCCCCOP(=S)(OCCCCCCC)[S-].[Zn+2]

Properties

• Density: 0.898 g/mL (25 °C)
• alpha: +9.4 °
• Boiling point: 165 °C
• Refractive index: 1.478
• Flash point: 64 °C

Safety Data

• Hazard Symbols: GHS07 Warning
• Risk Statements: H302
• Safety Statements: P264-P270-P301+P312-P501

Hazard Classification

Hazard	Class	Category Code	Hazard Statement
Skin irritation	Skin Irrit.	2	H315
Acute toxicity	Acute Tox.	4	H302
Aspiration hazard	Asp. Tox.	1	H304
Skin sensitization	Skin Sens.	1	H317
Eye irritation	Eye Irrit.	2	H319
Flammable liquids	Flam. Liq.	3	H226
Chronic hazardous to the aquatic environment	Aquatic Chronic	2	H411
Chronic hazardous to the aquatic environment	Aquatic Chronic	3	H412
Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure	STOT SE	3	H335
Acute hazardous to the aquatic environment	Aquatic Acute	1	H400
Reproductive toxicity	Repr.	1B	H360F
Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure	STOT SE	3	H336
Reproductive toxicity	Repr.	2	H361
Chronic hazardous to the aquatic environment	Aquatic Chronic	1	H410
Reproductive toxicity	Repr.	1B	H360

Discovery and Applications

Tea tree oil, derived from the leaves of *Melaleuca alternifolia*, a small tree native to Australia, has long been recognized for its antiseptic properties. The use of tea tree oil by Indigenous Australians dates back centuries, primarily for treating wounds, skin infections, and respiratory issues. The oil's antiseptic and antimicrobial properties were scientifically validated in the early 20th century, with significant research beginning in the 1920s. It was identified as a potent compound with broad-spectrum activity against bacteria, fungi, and viruses.

The major active ingredient in tea tree oil is terpinen-4-ol, which is responsible for many of its therapeutic effects. Tea tree oil also contains other compounds, including gamma-terpinene, alpha-terpinene, and 1,8-cineole, that contribute to its distinct medicinal properties. These compounds give tea tree oil its strong antimicrobial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory actions, making it an effective agent for various dermatological conditions.

In terms of applications, tea tree oil is widely used in the cosmetic and personal care industries. It is commonly included in products such as acne treatments, shampoos, soaps, and lotions due to its ability to combat skin infections, reduce acne-causing bacteria, and soothe irritated skin. The oil is also used as a natural remedy for dandruff, as it helps reduce the growth of fungi on the scalp. Tea tree oil's anti-inflammatory properties further support its use in calming skin conditions like eczema, psoriasis, and insect bites.

Beyond its use in skincare and haircare, tea tree oil is utilized in household cleaning products and disinfectants due to its potent antibacterial and antifungal properties. It has been included in formulations designed for surface cleaning, air freshening, and as a deodorizing agent. The oil is also used as a natural alternative to chemical-based pesticides, particularly in agricultural settings for its insecticidal properties.

Tea tree oil is applied in aromatherapy as well, where it is used for its calming and cleansing effects. When diluted, it is used in massage oils, steam inhalations, and diffusions, helping to alleviate symptoms of colds, coughs, and other respiratory conditions. Tea tree oil is considered safe for topical application when diluted, but it is important to use caution, as undiluted oil can cause skin irritation in some individuals.

Tea tree oil's widespread use and effectiveness are supported by numerous studies, and it remains a popular natural remedy for both cosmetic and therapeutic purposes. Its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and soothing properties continue to make it a valuable ingredient in modern healthcare and wellness products.

References

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