Indacaterol maleate
[CAS# 753498-25-8]

Identification

• Classification: Biochemical >> Inhibitor >> Neuronal signaling >> Adrenergic receptor agonist
• Name: Indacaterol maleate
• Synonyms: 5-[(1R)-2-[(5,6-Diethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)amino]-1-hydroxyethyl]-8-hydroxy-2(1H)-quinolinone (2Z)-2-butenedioate
• Molecular Formula: C₂₄H₂₈N₂O₃.C₄H₄O₄
• Molecular Weight: 508.57
• CAS Registry Number: 753498-25-8
• EC Number: 691-329-4
• SMILES: CCC1=C(C=C2CC(CC2=C1)NC[C@@H](C3=C4C=CC(=O)NC4=C(C=C3)O)O)CC.C(=CC(=O)O)C(=O)O

Properties

• Solubility: 100 mg/mL (DMS), <1 mg/mL (water) (Expl.)

Safety Data

• Hazard Symbols: GHS07 Warning
• Risk Statements: H315-H319-H335
• Safety Statements: P261-P305+P351+P351-P302+P352

Discovery and Applications

Indacaterol maleate is a chemical compound used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. It is a long-acting beta-agonist (LABA) that works by relaxing the muscles in the airways and helping to improve airflow in the lungs. Indacaterol is a selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist that provides long-lasting bronchodilation, typically lasting for 24 hours with a single inhalation. This makes it a valuable medication for patients who need consistent relief from bronchoconstriction due to respiratory conditions like COPD and asthma.

The discovery of indacaterol maleate can be traced back to the development of beta-agonists designed for the management of respiratory diseases. Early forms of beta-agonists were short-acting, requiring frequent dosing. However, researchers aimed to create a compound that would provide longer-lasting effects with less frequent dosing. The development of indacaterol involved modifications to the beta-agonist structure that resulted in an extended duration of action, making it more convenient for patients with chronic respiratory conditions. Indacaterol maleate, as a formulation of the drug, combines indacaterol with maleic acid to improve its stability and solubility, allowing for efficient delivery through inhalation.

The primary application of indacaterol maleate is in the treatment of COPD, a progressive lung disease that causes airflow obstruction and difficulty breathing. COPD is often caused by smoking, long-term exposure to air pollutants, or other environmental factors. Indacaterol helps alleviate symptoms by relaxing the muscles around the airways, allowing the patient to breathe more easily. It is also used in the management of asthma, particularly in patients who require long-term maintenance treatment. Unlike short-acting beta-agonists, which are used as rescue medications, indacaterol is used for regular, daily management of chronic lung conditions.

In addition to its use in treating COPD and asthma, indacaterol maleate has been investigated for its potential benefits in other respiratory conditions. The long-lasting effects of indacaterol provide an advantage over short-acting beta-agonists, allowing for fewer doses per day and improved patient compliance. Moreover, the drug has been found to have a favorable safety profile, with common side effects including headaches, nasopharyngitis, and cough, which are generally mild and well-tolerated.

Indacaterol maleate is typically administered via inhalation using a dry powder inhaler or other inhalation devices, which ensures direct delivery to the lungs for rapid action. The once-daily dosing regimen contributes to its popularity as a treatment option for chronic respiratory diseases, as it allows patients to manage their condition with minimal disruption to their daily routines. As part of a comprehensive treatment plan, indacaterol maleate is often used in combination with other medications, such as corticosteroids, to provide broader control over inflammation and bronchoconstriction.

In conclusion, indacaterol maleate represents an important advancement in the treatment of chronic respiratory diseases. Its discovery and development have provided a more convenient and effective therapeutic option for patients suffering from COPD and asthma, improving their quality of life by offering long-lasting relief from bronchoconstriction.

References

2006. In vitro and in vivo pharmacological characterization of 5-[(R)-2-(5,6-diethyl-indan-2-ylamino)-1-hydroxy-ethyl]-8-hydroxy-1H-quinolin-2-one (indacaterol), a novel inhaled beta(2) adrenoceptor agonist with a 24-h duration of action. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 317(2).
DOI: 10.1124/jpet.105.098251

2023. Design of Experiment-Based Green UPLC-DAD Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Indacaterol, Glycopyrronium and Mometasone in their Combined Dosage Form and Spiked Human Plasma. Journal of Chromatographic Science, 61(7).
DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmad072

2021. Real-world Safety and Efficacy of Indacaterol Maleate in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Evidence from the Long-term Post-marketing Surveillance in Japan. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan), 60(15).
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.5571-20