Acrylic acid
[CAS# 79-10-7]

Identification

• Classification: Organic raw materials >> Carboxylic compounds and derivatives >> Acyclic carboxylic acid
• Name: Acrylic acid
• Synonyms: 2-Propenoic acid; Acroleic acid
• Molecular Formula: C₃H₄O₂
• Molecular Weight: 72.06
• CAS Registry Number: 79-10-7
• EC Number: 201-177-9
• SMILES: C=CC(=O)O

Properties

• Density: 1.051
• Melting point: 13 °C
• Boiling point: 139 °C
• Refractive index: 1.4192-1.4212
• Flash point: 48 °C
• Water solubility: MISCIBLE

Safety Data

• Hazard Symbols: GHS02;GHS05;GHS07;GHS09 Danger
• Risk Statements: H226-H332-H312-H302-H314-H400
• Safety Statements: P210-P273-P280-P303+P361+P353-P304+P340+P310-P305+P351+P338

Hazard Classification

Hazard	Class	Category Code	Hazard Statement
Acute hazardous to the aquatic environment	Aquatic Acute	1	H400
Flammable liquids	Flam. Liq.	3	H226
Acute toxicity	Acute Tox.	4	H302
Skin corrosion	Skin Corr.	1A	H314
Acute toxicity	Acute Tox.	4	H332
Acute toxicity	Acute Tox.	4	H312
Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure	STOT SE	3	H335
Chronic hazardous to the aquatic environment	Aquatic Chronic	2	H411
Serious eye damage	Eye Dam.	1	H318
Skin sensitization	Skin Sens.	1A	H317
Acute toxicity	Acute Tox.	3	H311
Acute toxicity	Acute Tox.	3	H331
Skin corrosion	Skin Corr.	1C	H314
Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure	STOT SE	1	H370
Chronic hazardous to the aquatic environment	Aquatic Chronic	1	H410
Specific target organ toxicity - repeated exposure	STOT RE	1	H372

• Transport Information: UN 2218

Discovery and Applications

Acrylic acid, with the chemical formula C3H4O2, is a colorless liquid organic compound characterized by a distinctive acrid odor. It was first synthesized in 1843 by the German chemist Heinrich M. A. B. E. von Baeyer. The name "acrylic" is derived from the Latin word "acrylicus," which means "sour," reflecting its acidic nature. Over the years, acrylic acid has gained significant industrial importance due to its versatility and diverse applications.

The primary method for producing acrylic acid today is through the propylene oxidation process, where propylene is reacted with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst. This method has largely replaced earlier synthetic methods due to its higher efficiency and yield. The global production of acrylic acid has steadily increased, driven by its demand in various sectors, particularly in the production of superabsorbent polymers.

One of the most prominent applications of acrylic acid is in the manufacturing of polymers and copolymers. Acrylic acid serves as a key monomer in the production of polyacrylic acid, which is widely used to produce superabsorbent materials found in products like diapers and feminine hygiene products. These superabsorbent polymers can absorb and retain large amounts of liquid, making them essential in the hygiene and medical industries.

Acrylic acid is also utilized in the production of coatings, adhesives, and sealants. The compound is a crucial ingredient in formulating water-based paints and coatings, where it contributes to the formation of durable and weather-resistant surfaces. Additionally, acrylic acid-based adhesives are known for their strong bonding properties, making them suitable for various applications, including automotive and construction industries.

In the textile industry, acrylic acid is employed in the production of synthetic fibers, which are known for their strength, durability, and versatility. These fibers are commonly used in clothing, upholstery, and carpets. Furthermore, acrylic acid plays a role in the formulation of various personal care products, such as hair styling gels and skin care formulations, due to its ability to enhance product consistency and stability.

Despite its numerous applications, acrylic acid must be handled with care due to its corrosive nature and potential health hazards. Exposure to acrylic acid can lead to skin and eye irritation, and inhalation of vapors may cause respiratory issues. As a result, proper safety measures are essential when using this chemical in industrial settings.

In conclusion, acrylic acid is a significant organic compound with a rich history of discovery and diverse applications. From its role in the production of superabsorbent polymers to its applications in coatings, adhesives, and textiles, acrylic acid continues to play a vital role in various industries, demonstrating its versatility and importance.

References

2008. Acrylic Copolymers as Candidates for Drug-Eluting Coating of Vascular Stents. Journal of Biomaterials Applications, 23(3).
DOI: 10.1177/0885328208095198

2007. Combinatorial Mutasynthesis of Flavonoid Analogues from Acrylic Acids in Microorganisms. Organic Letters, 9(8).
DOI: 10.1021/ol0703736

2005. Morphosynthesis of Strontianite Nanowires Using Polyacrylate Templates Tethered onto Self-Assembled Monolayers. Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids, 21(7).
DOI: 10.1021/la047712d