Methyl acetate
[CAS# 79-20-9]

Identification

• Classification: Flavors and spices >> Synthetic spice >> Carboxylic acid and ester perfume >> Aliphatic carboxylate
• Name: Methyl acetate
• Molecular Formula: C₃H₆O₂
• Molecular Weight: 74.08
• CAS Registry Number: 79-20-9
• EC Number: 201-185-2
• FEMA: 2676
• SMILES: CC(=O)OC

Properties

• Density: 0.932
• Melting point: -98 °C
• Boiling point: 57.4 °C
• Refractive index: 1.36-1.362
• Flash point: -10 °C
• Water solubility: 250 g/L (20 °C)

Safety Data

• Hazard Symbols: GHS02;GHS07 Danger
• Risk Statements: H225-H336-H319
• Safety Statements: P210-P233-P240-P241-P242-P243-P261-P264+P265-P271-P280-P303+P361+P353-P304+P340-P305+P351+P338-P319-P337+P317-P370+P378-P403+P233-P403+P235-P405-P501

Hazard Classification

Hazard	Class	Category Code	Hazard Statement
Flammable liquids	Flam. Liq.	2	H225
Eye irritation	Eye Irrit.	2	H319
Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure	STOT SE	3	H336
Carcinogenicity	Carc.	1B	H350
Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure	STOT SE	3	H335
Chronic hazardous to the aquatic environment	Aquatic Chronic	1	H410
Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure	STOT SE	2	H371
Acute toxicity	Acute Tox.	4	H332
Acute toxicity	Acute Tox.	4	H302
Carcinogenicity	Carc.	1A	H350
Germ cell mutagenicity	Muta.	1B	H340
Reproductive toxicity	Repr.	1B	H360D

• Transport Information: UN 1231

Discovery and Applications

Methyl acetate, a colorless, flammable liquid with a fruity odor, is an ester formed from acetic acid and methanol. Its chemical formula is C₃H₆O₂, and it belongs to a class of organic compounds known as esters. The discovery of methyl acetate dates back to the late 19th century when it was first synthesized through the esterification of acetic acid and methanol. This process involves the reaction of these two reactants in the presence of an acid catalyst, resulting in the formation of methyl acetate and water.

Methyl acetate has gained prominence in various industrial applications due to its favorable properties, including its relatively low toxicity, high solvency power, and good volatility. One of its primary applications is as a solvent in the coatings industry. Methyl acetate is commonly used in paints, varnishes, and lacquers, where it acts as a solvent to dissolve resins and pigments, facilitating the application and drying processes. Its rapid evaporation rate contributes to a smooth finish and reduces the time needed for the coating to dry.

In addition to its use in coatings, methyl acetate is a significant solvent in the manufacturing of adhesives and sealants. Its ability to dissolve a wide range of polymers and resins makes it an ideal choice for formulating adhesive products used in various applications, including woodworking, automotive, and packaging industries. Methyl acetate’s low odor and quick evaporation also enhance the user experience, making it a preferred choice for many manufacturers.

Furthermore, methyl acetate is utilized as a solvent in the production of pharmaceuticals and personal care products. It is often found in formulations for cosmetics, perfumes, and medicinal products, where it serves to dissolve active ingredients and enhance product stability. Its relatively low toxicity compared to other solvents makes it a safer option for consumer products.

The use of methyl acetate extends to the food industry as well, where it is used as a flavoring agent and solvent for food additives. Its fruity aroma and taste are desirable in certain food products, making it a valuable ingredient in flavoring formulations.

Despite its numerous applications, the production and use of methyl acetate are subject to environmental and safety regulations due to its flammability and potential health effects. Therefore, manufacturers are encouraged to adopt best practices in handling and storage to mitigate risks.

In summary, methyl acetate is an important ester with diverse applications across various industries, including coatings, adhesives, pharmaceuticals, and food. Its favorable properties make it a valuable solvent and ingredient in numerous formulations, contributing to its ongoing use and relevance in industrial processes.

References

2021. Verrucomicrobial methanotrophs grow on diverse C3 compounds and use a homolog of particulate methane monooxygenase to oxidize acetone. The ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology, 15(12).
DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-01037-2

2019. Response of Wild Spotted Wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) to Microbial Volatiles. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 45(11-12).
DOI: 10.1007/s10886-019-01139-4