Isopropyl myristate
[CAS# 110-27-0]

Identification

• Classification: Surfactant >> Nonionic surfactant >> Polyol ester type
• Name: Isopropyl myristate
• Synonyms: Isopropyl tetradecanoate; Tetradecanoic acid 1-methylethyl ester
• Molecular Formula: C₁₇H₃₄O₂
• Molecular Weight: 270.45
• CAS Registry Number: 110-27-0
• EC Number: 203-751-4
• FEMA: 3556
• SMILES: CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(C)C

Properties

• Density: 0.853
• Boiling point: 167 ºC (9 mmHg)
• Refractive index: 1.434-1.436

Safety Data

• Hazard Symbols: GHS07 Warning
• Hazard Statements: H315
• Precautionary Statements: P264-P280-P302+P352-P321-P332+P317-P362+P364

Hazard Classification

Hazard	Class	Category Code	Hazard Statement
Skin irritation	Skin Irrit.	2	H315
Eye irritation	Eye Irrit.	2	H319
Chronic hazardous to the aquatic environment	Aquatic Chronic	4	H413
Chronic hazardous to the aquatic environment	Aquatic Chronic	3	H412

Discovory and Applicatios

Isopropyl myristate (IPM) is a fatty acid ester with the molecular formula C17H34O2 that is commonly used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. This colorless, odorless liquid is derived from isopropyl alcohol and myristic acid, a 14-carbon saturated fatty acid found in nutmeg, coconut oil, and palm oil.

Isopropyl myristate was first synthesized in the mid-20th century, when esters were being more widely explored for their potential use in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. The discovery of this compound stemmed from the need for a non-greasy emollient that could enhance the texture and absorption properties of topical preparations.

The synthesis of isopropyl myristate involves esterification, a reaction between isopropyl alcohol and myristic acid. This process is usually carried out in the presence of an acidic catalyst, such as sulfuric acid, to produce isopropyl myristate and water, which can be separated to obtain the pure ester.

Isopropyl myristate is widely used in the cosmetics industry for its excellent emollient properties. It provides a silky, non-greasy feel, making it ideal for use in lotions, creams, and other personal care products. Its ability to enhance the absorption of active ingredients into the skin further enhances its value in formulations that provide moisturizing and therapeutic benefits.

In pharmaceuticals, isopropyl myristate acts as a penetration enhancer, improving the delivery of active ingredients through the skin. It is valuable in topical medications, as effective absorption is essential for therapeutic efficacy. Additionally, its non-greasy nature improves patient compliance by ensuring a pleasant application experience.

Isopropyl myristate is also used in a variety of industrial applications. Its low viscosity and excellent diffusion properties make it suitable for use as a lubricant and plasticizer. In plastic production, it can improve flexibility and durability, while in lubricants, it can improve the performance of formulations used in mechanical equipment.

The flavor and fragrance industry uses isopropyl myristate as a solvent and fixative. Its ability to dissolve essential oils and fragrances without changing their properties makes it an important ingredient in perfume and fragrance products. Additionally, it helps stabilize the release of fragrances, ensuring a longer-lasting effect.

Although less common, isopropyl myristate is occasionally used in the food industry as a flavoring and additive for certain foods. Its inclusion in food-grade applications is strictly regulated to ensure safety and compliance with health standards.

References

2024. Advances in dorzolamide hydrochloride delivery: harnessing nanotechnology for enhanced ocular drug delivery in glaucoma management. Discover Nano, 19(1).
DOI: 10.1186/s11671-024-04154-x

2024. Development of levamlodipine long-acting patches based on an ion-pair strategy: Investigation of the mechanism for reducing skin irritation. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 665.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124703

2024. Innovative Long-Acting Bisoprolol Patch: Synergistic Ion-Pair Skin Adsorption for Drug Delivery Control Coupled with Dynamic Modulation of Penetration Enhancers. Molecular Pharmaceutics, 21(11).
DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00738