Halogenated, sulfonated, nitrated, or nitrosated derivatives of alcohols represent a class of compounds where alcohol groups are modified with halogens, sulfonic acid groups , nitrates, or nitrosamines. These modifications profoundly impact the chemical reactivity and properties of the parent alcohols. For instance, halogenation enhances the compounds' reactivity, making them valuable intermediates in pharmaceutical and agrochemical production. Sulfonation adds acidity and solubility, crucial in detergents and surfactants. Nitration and nitrosation introduce nitro and nitrosamine functional groups, respectively, which have diverse applications in chemistry and biochemistry.