Primary antibodies are critical tools in research, and they span various categories, such as monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies are produced from a single clone of cells and have high specificity, while polyclonal antibodies are derived from multiple clones and offer versatility. These primary antibodies target various antigens and play essential roles in scientific investigations, from immunohistochemistry to Western blotting, contributing to advancements in diverse fields.