1,1'-Dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindodicarbocyanine perchlorate
[CAS# 127274-91-3]

Identification

• Name: 1,1'-Dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindodicarbocyanine perchlorate
• Synonyms: 3H-Indolium, 2-[5-(1,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-1-octadecyl-2H-indol-2-ylidene)-1,3-pentadien-1-yl]-3,3-dimethyl-1-octadecyl-, perchlorate (1:1)
• Molecular Formula: C₆₁H₉₉ClN₂O₄
• Molecular Weight: 959.90
• CAS Registry Number: 127274-91-3
• SMILES: CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN1C2=CC=CC=C2C(C1=CC=CC=CC3=[N+](C4=CC=CC=C4C3(C)C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(C)C.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O

Properties

• Solubility: Soluble (DMSO)

Safety Data

• Hazard Symbols: GHS07 Warning
• Risk Statements: H302-H315-H319-H335
• Safety Statements: P280-P305+P351+P338

Discovery and Applications

1,1'-Dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindodicarbocyanine perchlorate, commonly known as DiD perchlorate, is an important compound that was first synthesized and characterized through advances in dye chemistry and organic synthesis techniques. Its molecular structure consists of a symmetrical indodicarbocyanine core and two long alkyl chains (octadecyl) attached to a nitrogen atom. This structure imparts it with significant lipophilicity and fluorescent properties, making DiD perchlorate suitable for a variety of biological and analytical applications.

DiD perchlorate exhibits strong near-infrared absorption and fluorescence properties, which are highly advantageous for fluorescence imaging and labeling applications. It absorbs light at a wavelength of approximately 644 nm and emits fluorescence at a wavelength of approximately 665 nm, which belongs to the near-infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. These optical properties minimize background autofluorescence and tissue scattering, thereby enabling deep tissue imaging and high sensitivity in biological systems.

The main application of DiD perchlorate is in fluorescence microscopy and imaging studies. Due to its near-infrared fluorescence properties, it is widely used as a fluorescent dye for labeling cells, tissues, and biomolecules. DiD-labeled compounds are used in a variety of biological studies, including cell tracking, receptor labeling, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assays. Its high quantum yield and photostability make it a top choice for long-term imaging experiments.

In biomedical research, DiD perchlorate plays an important role in studying biological processes such as cellular uptake mechanisms, membrane dynamics, and intracellular trafficking. It is used in flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, and in vivo imaging techniques to visualize and monitor biological structures and processes with high spatial and temporal resolution.

In addition to biomedical applications, DiD perchlorate is also useful in industrial and analytical settings. DiD-labeled cells are analyzed in flow cytometry to study cell populations and surface marker expression profiles. DiD-labeled nanoparticles and liposomes are used as carriers for drug delivery systems, enabling targeted delivery and controlled release of therapeutic agents. DiD perchlorate is used in biophysical studies to investigate lipid bilayer dynamics, membrane fluidity, and protein-lipid interactions.

References

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