Calcium gluconate
[CAS# 299-28-5]

Identification

• Classification: API >> Water, electrolyte and acid-base balance regulator >> Electrolyte balance regulator
• Name: Calcium gluconate
• Synonyms: D-Gluconic acid calcium salt; Calciofon; Glucobiogen; Neocalglucon
• Molecular Formula: 2(C₆H₁₁O₇).Ca
• Molecular Weight: 430.37
• CAS Registry Number: 299-28-5 (18016-24-5)
• EC Number: 206-075-8
• SMILES: C([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)[O-])O)O)O)O)O.C([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)[O-])O)O)O)O)O.[Ca+2]

Properties

• Melting point: 195 °C
• alpha: 10.2 ° (c=1, H2O 22 °C)
• Water solubility: 3.3 g/100mL

Safety Data

• Hazard Symbols: GHS07 Warning
• Risk Statements: H315-H319-H335
• Safety Statements: P261-P305+P351+P338

Discovery and Applications

Calcium gluconate was first synthesized in the late 1800s as people were searching for effective and bioavailable calcium compounds to treat calcium deficiency. Calcium gluconate is widely used in therapeutic and industrial settings because it delivers calcium ions in a soluble, easily absorbed form. Calcium gluconate is a white crystalline powder or granules that is highly soluble in water but poorly soluble in alcohol. It is made up of calcium ions (Ca²?) bound to gluconate ions (C6H11O7?), which are derived from gluconic acid. This structure facilitates easy release and absorption of calcium into biological systems, making it an effective supplement and therapeutic agent.

Calcium gluconate is primarily used to treat and prevent calcium deficiency. It maintains healthy bones and teeth, supports muscle function, neurotransmission, and hormone secretion. It is available in a variety of forms, including tablets, capsules, and injections.

Calcium gluconate is taken orally or intravenously in the treatment of hypocalcemia (low blood calcium levels). It helps restore normal calcium levels, which are essential for heart function and neuromuscular stability. In emergency situations to treat calcium channel blocker overdose, intravenous calcium gluconate can be used as a life-saving detoxifier by stabilizing cardiac function. It is also used topically or by injection to neutralize hydrofluoric acid burns, where it binds fluoride ions and reduces tissue damage.

In the food industry, calcium gluconate is used as a calcium fortifier in products such as juice, dairy products, and cereals. It helps increase the nutritional content without changing the taste or texture, making it a top choice for dietary supplements and fortified foods.

Calcium gluconate is used in industrial electrolyte solutions, including those used in galvanizing and electroplating processes. Its stability and solubility help maintain the quality and efficiency of these solutions. It acts as a stabilizer and buffer in pharmaceutical formulations, aiding in the stability and effectiveness of drugs.

In cosmetics, calcium gluconate is used for its soothing and conditioning properties for the skin. It helps retain moisture in the skin and can enhance the overall texture of skin care products, making it a beneficial ingredient in lotions, creams, and serums.

Calcium gluconate is generally well tolerated when used appropriately. However, excessive intake can lead to hypercalcemia, characterized by elevated calcium levels in the blood, which can cause kidney stones and impair kidney function. It is therefore crucial to adhere to recommended dosages, especially when used as a supplement or for medical treatment.

References

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