Emideltide
[CAS# 62568-57-4]

Identification

• Classification: Biochemical >> Peptide
• Name: Emideltide
• Synonyms: DSIP nonapeptide; L-Tryptophyl-L-alanylglycylglycyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-alanyl-L-serylglycyl-L-glutamic acid
• Molecular Formula: C₃₅H₄₈N₁₀O₁₅
• Molecular Weight: 848.81
• Protein Sequence: WAGGDASGE
• CAS Registry Number: 62568-57-4
• SMILES: C[C@@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C21)N

Properties

• Solubility: Very soluble (1000 g/L) (25 °C), Calc.^*
• Density: 1.458±0.06 g/cm³ (20 °C 760 Torr), Calc.^*
• Boiling point: 1522.7±65.0 °C 760 mmHg (Calc.)^*
• Flash point: 874.7±34.3 °C (Calc.)^*
• Index of refraction: 1.612 (Calc.)^*

^* Calculated using Advanced Chemistry Development (ACD/Labs) Software.

Discovery and Applications

Emideltide is a synthetic nonapeptide with the amino acid sequence Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu. It was originally isolated from rabbit cerebral venous blood and is also known as delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP). Emideltide has been identified in neurons, peripheral organs, and plasma across various mammalian species.

The discovery of emideltide was associated with its ability to induce delta sleep, a phase of deep sleep characterized by high-amplitude, low-frequency brain waves. In experimental studies, administration of emideltide has been shown to enhance delta and spindle electroencephalogram patterns in animals such as rabbits, mice, rats, cats, and humans. In cats, the peptide exhibited a more pronounced effect on rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. These findings suggest that emideltide plays a role in modulating sleep architecture.

Beyond its influence on sleep, emideltide has been observed to affect various physiological and biochemical processes. It has demonstrated antioxidant properties by increasing the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes in liver homogenates of rats subjected to acute stress. Additionally, emideltide has been reported to influence neurotransmitter levels in the brain, circadian and locomotor patterns, hormonal levels, psychological performance, and the activity of neuropharmacological drugs, including their withdrawal effects.

The peptide's multifaceted biological activities have prompted research into its potential therapeutic applications. However, as of now, emideltide remains primarily a subject of scientific investigation, and its clinical efficacy and safety profiles have not been fully established. Consequently, emideltide is not approved for medical use and is typically utilized in research settings to explore its pharmacological properties.

In terms of chemical characteristics, emideltide has a molecular formula of C₃₅H₄₈N₁₀O₁₅ and a molecular weight of approximately 848.81 g/mol. It is commonly synthesized and supplied in lyophilized form for research purposes. Due to its peptide nature, emideltide is sensitive to enzymatic degradation and requires appropriate storage conditions, typically at or below -20 °C, to maintain stability.

Emideltide's role as a modulator of sleep and its broader physiological effects continue to be areas of active research. Further studies are necessary to elucidate its mechanisms of action and to assess its potential as a therapeutic agent.

References

1978. The delta EEG (sleep)-inducing peptide (DSIP). XI. Amino-acid analysis, sequence, synthesis and activity of the nonapeptide. Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 377(2).
DOI: 10.1007/bf00581575

2014. Effect of Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide on the Expression of Antioxidant Enzyme Genes in the Brain and Blood of Rats during Physiological Aging. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 157(5).
DOI: 10.1007/s10517-014-2628-4

2021. Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide Recovers Motor Function in SD Rats after Focal Stroke. Molecules, 26(17).
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175173