Semaglutide
[CAS# 910463-68-2]

Identification

• Classification: API >> Hormone and endocrine-regulating drugs >> Pancreatic hormones and other blood sugar regulating drugs
• Name: Semaglutide
• Synonyms: NN 9535; NNC 0113-0217;18-[[(1R)-4-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[[(5S)-5-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-2-methylpropanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-6-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S,3S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-5-carbamimidamido-1-[[2-[[(2S)-5-carbamimidamido-1-(carboxymethylamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-4-carboxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-6-oxohexyl]amino]-2-oxoethoxy]ethoxy]ethylamino]-2-oxoethoxy]ethoxy]ethylamino]-1-carboxy-4-oxobutyl]amino]-18-oxooctadecanoic acid
• Molecular Formula: C₁₈₇H₂₉₁N₄₅O₅₉
• Molecular Weight: 4113.58
• CAS Registry Number: 910463-68-2
• EC Number: 691-729-9
• SMILES: CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C21)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)NCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC3=CC=CC=C3)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCNC(=O)COCCOCCNC(=O)COCCOCCNC(=O)CC[C@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC4=CC=C(C=C4)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC5=CC=CC=C5)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)C(C)(C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC6=CN=CN6)N

Safety Data

• Hazard Symbols: GHS08 Warning
• Risk Statements: H302-H315-H319-H335
• Safety Statements: P261-P280-P301+P312-P302+P352-P305+P351+P338

Hazard Classification

Hazard	Class	Category Code	Hazard Statement
Reproductive toxicity	Repr.	2	H361
Reproductive toxicity	Repr.	2	H361d

Discovery and Applications

Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, was developed by Novo Nordisk and gained FDA approval in 2017 for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The discovery of semaglutide followed extensive research into the GLP-1 hormone, which is involved in regulating blood sugar levels. Researchers sought to create a more stable and longer-acting analog of GLP-1 to improve glycemic control and patient compliance. Semaglutide was engineered with modifications to extend its half-life, allowing for once-weekly dosing.

Semaglutide is used to improve blood sugar control in adults with type 2 diabetes. By mimicking the action of the GLP-1 hormone, it stimulates insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, and slows gastric emptying, which helps regulate blood glucose levels. Its once-weekly injection regimen enhances patient compliance compared to daily medications.

Semaglutide is also approved for chronic weight management under the brand name Wegovy. It helps reduce body weight by increasing feelings of fullness and decreasing appetite, leading to lower calorie intake.

Semaglutide has shown cardiovascular benefits in patients with type 2 diabetes. The SUSTAIN-6 trial revealed that semaglutide reduces the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events, including heart attack and stroke, in high-risk patients.

Ongoing research is exploring the potential use of semaglutide in treating other conditions, such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and Alzheimer's disease.ng research.

References

2017. Evidenzbasierte und praktische Diabetologie - Unabhängige Fortbildung mit Begeisterung in Jena. Zeitschrift für Allgemeinmedizin, 93(7-8).
DOI: 10.3238/zfa.2017.0283-0285

2021. Efficacy and safety of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist oral semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 172.
DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108656

2024. Adipose Tissue Dysfunction: Clinical Implications and Complications. Contemporary Endocrinology.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-72570-8_5