Benzyl nicotinate
[CAS# 94-44-0]

Identification

• Classification: Organic raw materials >> Carboxylic compounds and derivatives >> Carboxylic esters and their derivatives
• Name: Benzyl nicotinate
• Synonyms: Benzyl pyridine-3-carboxylate
• Molecular Formula: C₁₃H₁₁NO₂
• Molecular Weight: 213.23
• CAS Registry Number: 94-44-0
• EC Number: 202-332-3
• SMILES: C1=CC=C(C=C1)COC(=O)C2=CN=CC=C2

Properties

• Density: 1.165 g/mL
• Melting point: 24 °C
• Boiling point: 177 °C (8 mmHg)
• Refractive index: 1.570
• Flash point: 113 °C

Safety Data

• Hazard Symbols: GHS07 Warning
• Risk Statements: H302-H315-H319-H335
• Safety Statements: P261-P301+P312-P302+P352-P304+P340-P305+P351+P338

Hazard Classification

Hazard	Class	Category Code	Hazard Statement
Skin irritation	Skin Irrit.	2	H315
Eye irritation	Eye Irrit.	2	H319
Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure	STOT SE	3	H335

Discovery and Applications

Benzyl nicotinate is an ester of niacin (vitamin B3) and benzyl alcohol that was first synthesized in the early 20th century. The compound was developed to explore the beneficial effects of niacin in a more controlled and targeted way. Its ability to induce vasodilation and improve blood flow quickly attracted attention, leading to its widespread use in a variety of applications.

Benzyl nicotinate (C13H11NO3) is a white to off-white crystalline powder. It is soluble in organic solvents such as alcohol and ether, but only slightly soluble in water. The compound is known for its ability to penetrate the skin, making it an active ingredient in topical preparations.

Benzyl nicotinate is widely used in medical and therapeutic settings for its vasodilatory properties. When applied topically, it dilates blood vessels, increasing blood flow to the affected area. This makes it effective in treating conditions such as muscle and joint pain, which Benzyl nicotinate is used in creams and ointments designed to relieve. The increased blood flow helps reduce inflammation and promotes healing.
The compound is used to treat conditions such as Raynaud's disease and other peripheral vascular diseases, where improved blood circulation can provide relief.

In the cosmetic industry, benzyl nicotinate is added to skin care products for its ability to improve the appearance and health of the skin. Benefits include improved skin tone, where vasodilation can lead to a more even, more radiant complexion by increasing blood flow to the skin. As well as anti-aging benefits, increased blood circulation helps nourish the skin, potentially reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

Athletes and fitness enthusiasts use products containing benzyl nicotinate to aid muscle recovery and improve performance. Applications include post-workout recovery, where the compound helps reduce muscle soreness and speeds recovery after strenuous physical activity. As well as pre-workout preparation, products containing benzyl nicotinate are used to warm up muscles and improve flexibility before exercise.

Benzyl nicotinate is also valuable in research. It is a model compound for studying the mechanisms of skin penetration and vasodilation, helping researchers develop new topical treatments and drug delivery systems.

While benzyl nicotinate is generally safe for topical use, it may cause skin irritation in some people, especially at higher concentrations. Users should follow product instructions and perform patch tests before widespread use to avoid adverse reactions.

References

2023. Blister formation at post donation phlebotomy site after topical application of combination of Benzyl Nicotinate and Heparin: An unpleasant post donation experience. Transfusion clinique et biologique : journal de la Societe francaise de transfusion sanguine, 30(1).
DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2022.08.145

2020. Filling data gap for nicotinic acid, nicotinate esters and nicotinamide for the determination of permitted daily exposure by a category approach. Toxicological Research, 36(4).
DOI: 10.1007/s43188-020-00069-8

1980. Effect of benzyl nicotinate on the percutaneous absorption of dexamethasone in the rat. European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, 5(1).
DOI: 10.1007/bf03189439