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Dipotassium tetrachloroplatinate
[CAS# 10025-99-7]

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Identification
Classification Food additive >> Nutrition supplements >> Inorganic salts
Name Dipotassium tetrachloroplatinate
Synonyms Potassium tetrachloroplatinate(II)
Molecular Structure CAS # 10025-99-7, Dipotassium tetrachloroplatinate, Potassium tetrachloroplatinate(II)
Molecular Formula K2PtCl4
Molecular Weight 415.08
CAS Registry Number 10025-99-7
EC Number 233-050-9
SMILES Cl[Pt-2](Cl)(Cl)Cl.[K+].[K+]
Properties
Density 3.38 g/mL (Expl.)
Melting point (Decomposes) (Expl.)
Solubility 10 g/L (20 ºC) (Expl.)
Safety Data
Hazard Symbols symbol symbol symbol symbol symbol   GHS05;GHS06;GHS07;GHS08;GHS09 DangerGHS05    Details
Hazard Statements H290-H301-H315-H317-H318-H334-H400-H410    Details
Precautionary Statements P233-P234-P260-P261-P264-P264+P265-P270-P271-P272-P273-P280-P284-P301+P316-P302+P352-P304+P340-P305+P354+P338-P317-P321-P330-P332+P317-P333+P317-P342+P316-P362+P364-P390-P391-P403-P405-P406-P501    Details
Hazard Classification
up    Details
HazardClassCategory CodeHazard Statement
Serious eye damageEye Dam.1H318
Skin irritationSkin Irrit.2H315
Respiratory sensitizationResp. Sens.1H334
Skin sensitizationSkin Sens.1H317
Acute hazardous to the aquatic environmentAquatic Acute1H400
Acute toxicityAcute Tox.2H300
Chronic hazardous to the aquatic environmentAquatic Chronic1H410
Acute toxicityAcute Tox.3H301
Substances or mixtures corrosive to metalsMet. Corr.1H290
Respiratory sensitizationResp. Sens.1AH334
Skin sensitizationSkin Sens.1BH317
Transport Information UN 3288
SDS Available
up Discovory and Applicatios
Dipotassium tetrachloroplatinate, with the chemical formula K2PtCl4, is a well-known platinum(II) coordination compound. Its discovery can be traced back to the 19th century during the systematic investigation of platinum salts. Early studies of platinum chemistry were driven by the metal’s remarkable resistance to corrosion and its unique catalytic properties. Dipotassium tetrachloroplatinate was synthesized by dissolving elemental platinum in aqua regia to form chloroplatinic acid (H2PtCl6), followed by neutralization with potassium chloride, leading to the formation of K2PtCl4 upon crystallization.

The crystallographic characterization of dipotassium tetrachloroplatinate revealed that it forms red to orange crystalline solids that are soluble in water but less soluble in alcohols. The platinum center is coordinated in a square planar geometry by four chloride ligands, a typical arrangement for platinum(II) complexes. This structural feature was confirmed by X-ray crystallography and spectroscopic analyses, providing a deeper understanding of the coordination chemistry of platinum.

Dipotassium tetrachloroplatinate has significant applications, particularly in the synthesis of other platinum compounds. It serves as an important starting material for the preparation of a wide range of platinum complexes, including both platinum(II) and platinum(IV) species. Many organoplatinum compounds used in catalysis, materials science, and medicinal chemistry are synthesized through substitution reactions involving K2PtCl4.

One of the most notable applications of dipotassium tetrachloroplatinate is in the production of cisplatin, cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), a groundbreaking anticancer drug. The preparation of cisplatin involves the reaction of K2PtCl4 with ammonia under controlled conditions, selectively replacing two chloride ligands with ammine ligands in a cis configuration. Cisplatin’s discovery and clinical success highlighted the importance of K2PtCl4 as a crucial precursor in pharmaceutical chemistry.

In addition to medicinal chemistry, dipotassium tetrachloroplatinate is employed in electroplating processes, where platinum coatings are valued for their durability, electrical conductivity, and resistance to tarnishing. It is also used as a reagent in analytical chemistry, particularly in gravimetric analysis, to precipitate potassium as potassium hexachloroplatinate(VI) for quantitative determination.

Catalysis represents another significant area where dipotassium tetrachloroplatinate finds utility. It is used to prepare various platinum catalysts that are active in hydrogenation, hydrosilylation, and oxidation reactions. The ability to tailor the ligand environment around platinum through substitution of the chloride ligands in K2PtCl4 allows for the fine-tuning of catalyst properties to suit specific reactions.

Furthermore, dipotassium tetrachloroplatinate has applications in materials science. It is used to produce platinum nanoparticles and thin films, which are integral components in the development of sensors, fuel cells, and other electronic devices. The compound’s aqueous solubility and chemical reactivity make it suitable for solution-based methods of nanoparticle synthesis, such as chemical reduction processes.

Overall, dipotassium tetrachloroplatinate remains a substance of great importance in various fields of chemistry and industry, owing to its well-characterized structure, reliable reactivity, and versatility as a precursor to a multitude of platinum-based materials and compounds.

References

1997. Immunostimulatory Effects of Platinum Compounds: Correlation between Sensitizing Properties in vivo and Modulation of Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis in vitro. International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, 112(2).
DOI: 10.1159/000237442

2008. Speciation of inorganic platinum�chloride complexes in spiked environmental samples by SPE and ICP�AES. Analytica Chimica Acta, 616(1).
DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.03.037

2013. Occupational Immediate-Type Allergic Asthma due to Potassium Tetrachloroplatinate in Production of Cytotoxic Drugs. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 755.
DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-4546-9_6
Market Analysis Reports
List of Reports Available for Dipotassium tetrachloroplatinate
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