Isooctyl palmitate
[CAS# 1341-38-4]

Identification

• Classification: Surfactant >> Nonionic surfactant >> Fatty acid alkyl ester type
• Name: Isooctyl palmitate
• Synonyms: Palmitic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester
• Molecular Formula: C₂₄H₄₈O₂
• Molecular Weight: 368.64
• CAS Registry Number: 1341-38-4 (29806-73-3)
• EC Number: 215-675-9
• SMILES: CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCCCC(C)C

Properties

• Density: 0.9±0.1 g/cm³, Calc.^*
• Index of Refraction: 1.449, Calc.^*
• Boiling Point: 407.2±13.0 ºC (760 mmHg), Calc.^*
• Flash Point: 203.7±9.7 ºC, Calc.^*

Safety Data

• Hazard Symbols: GHS09 Warning
• Hazard Statements: H400
• Precautionary Statements: P273-P391-P501

Hazard Classification

Hazard	Class	Category Code	Hazard Statement
Acute hazardous to the aquatic environment	Aquatic Acute	1	H400

Discovory and Applicatios

Isooctyl palmitate, also known as 2-Ethylhexyl palmitate, is an ester derived from the reaction of isooctanol (2-ethylhexanol) and palmitic acid. It is a clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid with a low viscosity and a non-greasy feel. Its chemical structure consists of a long-chain fatty acid ester, which contributes to its excellent spreading properties, skin compatibility, and emollient characteristics. It has been well-documented in the scientific literature for its applications in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and industrial formulations.

The development of isooctyl palmitate as an emollient can be traced back to the mid-20th century when the demand for synthetic alternatives to natural oils and fats increased. Researchers identified its desirable sensory attributes and compatibility with a wide range of cosmetic ingredients, making it an ideal replacement for heavier, greasier oils. Since then, it has been widely adopted in personal care products and other applications requiring lightweight, non-occlusive emollients.

In the cosmetics industry, isooctyl palmitate is a key ingredient in skin care, hair care, and makeup formulations. Its excellent spreading ability enhances the texture and application of creams, lotions, and foundations. It provides a silky, smooth feel without leaving a greasy residue, making it suitable for facial and body moisturizers. It is also used in sunscreens, where it aids in the even distribution of UV filters. Additionally, it acts as a solvent for lipophilic active ingredients in serums and emulsions, improving the stability and efficacy of formulations.

In decorative cosmetics, such as lipsticks and foundations, isooctyl palmitate enhances glide and spreadability, allowing for smoother application and better pigment dispersion. Its ability to reduce tackiness in formulations makes it a preferred choice in pressed powders and compact makeup products. Due to its compatibility with silicones and oils, it is often included in formulations to balance the texture and enhance wearability.

Pharmaceutical applications of isooctyl palmitate primarily involve its role as an excipient in topical and transdermal formulations. It serves as a carrier for active pharmaceutical ingredients, helping to improve penetration through the skin. Its use in medicinal creams and ointments enhances their sensory properties, ensuring patient compliance and ease of application. Studies have also examined its role in optimizing the release profile of certain drugs in topical treatments.

Beyond cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, isooctyl palmitate finds use in industrial applications, including lubricants, plasticizers, and coatings. It functions as a biodegradable lubricant in metalworking and textile processing, where its non-toxic nature and excellent lubricity are advantageous. In the plastics industry, it is used as a plasticizer to improve the flexibility and durability of polymer materials. Its presence in coatings and paints enhances flow properties and surface finish, contributing to improved application performance.

Isooctyl palmitate has been evaluated for safety by regulatory agencies, and it is considered non-irritating and non-sensitizing under normal use conditions. Toxicological studies have confirmed its low dermal absorption and minimal risk of adverse effects. It is biodegradable, and its environmental impact is considered minimal when used within standard industrial and commercial guidelines.

Due to its versatile properties, isooctyl palmitate remains a widely used ingredient in personal care, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications. Its ability to provide a non-greasy, lightweight feel while improving the spreadability and stability of formulations ensures its continued relevance in various products. The extensive research and regulatory approval of this ester reinforce its role as a valuable ingredient in modern formulations.

References

2017. Synthesis of 2-Ethylhexyl Palmitate Catalyzed by Enzyme Under Microwave. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 183(4).
DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2666-2

2009. An overview on the recent advances in the transesterification of vegetable oils for biodiesel production using chemical and biocatalysts. Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology, 8(4).
DOI: 10.1007/s11157-009-9176-9

2009. Surface display of active lipase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using Cwp2 as an anchor protein. Biotechnology Letters, 32(2).
DOI: 10.1007/s10529-009-0138-7