Lauryl betaine
[CAS# 683-10-3]

Identification

• Classification: Surfactant >> Zwitterionic surfactant >> Betaine type
• Name: Lauryl betaine
• Synonyms: Laury dimethylaminoacetic acid betaine; (Carboxylatomethyl)dodecyldimethylammonium
• Molecular Formula: C₁₆H₃₃NO₂
• Molecular Weight: 271.44
• CAS Registry Number: 683-10-3
• EC Number: 211-669-5
• SMILES: CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CC(=O)[O-]

Safety Data

• Hazard Symbols: GHS05;GHS07 Danger
• Hazard Statements: H302-H312-H315-H317-H318-H319
• Precautionary Statements: P261-P264-P264+P265-P270-P272-P280-P301+P317-P302+P352-P305+P351+P338-P305+P354+P338-P317-P321-P330-P332+P317-P333+P317-P337+P317-P362+P364-P501

Hazard Classification

Hazard	Class	Category Code	Hazard Statement
Skin irritation	Skin Irrit.	2	H315
Serious eye damage	Eye Dam.	1	H318
Acute toxicity	Acute Tox.	4	H312
Acute toxicity	Acute Tox.	4	H302
Skin sensitization	Skin Sens.	1	H317
Eye irritation	Eye Irrit.	2	H319
Acute toxicity	Acute Tox.	3	H301
Chronic hazardous to the aquatic environment	Aquatic Chronic	3	H412
Acute hazardous to the aquatic environment	Aquatic Acute	1	H400
Skin corrosion	Skin Corr.	1B	H314
Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure	STOT SE	2	H371

Discovory and Applicatios

Lauryl betaine is a surfactant commonly used in personal care and cosmetic products. It belongs to the betaine class of surfactants and is known for its mildness and low irritation potential. It is an amphoteric surfactant, meaning it carries both positive and negative charges, which makes it effective in a variety of formulations, particularly in skin and hair care products.

The chemical substance is synthesized through the reaction of lauryl alcohol, typically derived from coconut oil or palm kernel oil, with a betaine structure. The reaction typically involves combining lauric acid or its derivatives with a dimethylamine, forming a zwitterionic surfactant that has both a hydrophobic tail (lauryl group) and a hydrophilic betaine head. This structure enables lauryl betaine to effectively reduce surface tension and allow for foaming and emulsifying properties in water-based formulations.

Lauryl betaine is primarily used as a surfactant and cleansing agent in personal care products such as shampoos, body washes, facial cleansers, and liquid soaps. Its mild nature makes it ideal for sensitive skin, as it does not strip away natural oils from the skin or cause irritation, unlike harsher anionic surfactants. Because of these properties, it is frequently included in formulations designed for sensitive skin, baby care products, and those intended for individuals with skin conditions such as eczema or rosacea.

In hair care products, lauryl betaine is known for its conditioning properties. It helps to reduce static, smooth hair, and improve manageability, often being included in conditioners and detangling shampoos. Its ability to create a gentle, stable foam enhances the sensory experience of these products, making them more appealing to consumers.

The compound is also employed in various industrial applications, such as in cleaning products, where it serves as an emulsifier and helps to remove oils and dirt without harsh chemicals. Lauryl betaine is also used in some agricultural formulations, acting as a dispersing agent in pesticide solutions. Its biodegradability makes it an environmentally preferred choice for many applications, contributing to its growing popularity.

In conclusion, lauryl betaine is a well-established surfactant widely used in personal care, household, and industrial products. Its mildness and low irritation potential make it especially suitable for sensitive skin care formulations, and its ability to emulsify and condition makes it a key ingredient in hair care products. Its biodegradable nature further contributes to its appeal as a more eco-friendly option compared to other harsher surfactants.

References

2019. Predicting the results of a 24-hr human patch test for surfactants: utility of margin-setting in a reconstructed human epidermis model. The Journal of Toxicological Sciences, 44(6).
DOI: 10.2131/jts.44.393

1997. Permeability changes caused by surfactants in liposomes that model the stratum corneum lipid composition. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 74(1).
DOI: 10.1007/s11746-997-0111-3

1995. Solubilization of unilamellar liposomes by betaine-type zwitterionic/anionic surfactant systems. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 72(1).
DOI: 10.1007/bf02635790