Trimethylol propane
[CAS# 77-99-6]

Identification

• Classification: Dyes and pigments >> Dyes >> Acid dyestuff
• Name: Trimethylol propane
• Synonyms: 1,1,1-Trimethylolpropane; 2-Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol
• Molecular Formula: C₆H₁₄O₃
• Molecular Weight: 134.17
• CAS Registry Number: 77-99-6
• EC Number: 201-074-9
• SMILES: CCC(CO)(CO)CO

Properties

• Density: 1.176
• Melting point: 56-60 ºC
• Boiling point: 159-161 ºC (2 mmHg)
• Flash point: 172 ºC
• Water solubility: soluble

Safety Data

• Hazard Symbols: GHS07 Warning
• Hazard Statements: H315-H319-H335
• Precautionary Statements: P261-P305+P351+P338

Hazard Classification

Hazard	Class	Category Code	Hazard Statement
Reproductive toxicity	Repr.	2	H361
Reproductive toxicity	Repr.	2	H361fd
Acute toxicity	Acute Tox.	3	H311
Reproductive toxicity	Repr.	2	H361d
Chronic hazardous to the aquatic environment	Aquatic Chronic	1	H410
Acute toxicity	Acute Tox.	3	H331
Acute toxicity	Acute Tox.	3	H301
Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure	STOT SE	3	H335
Skin irritation	Skin Irrit.	2	H315
Eye irritation	Eye Irrit.	2A	H319
Acute hazardous to the aquatic environment	Aquatic Acute	1	H400

Discovory and Applicatios

Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is a versatile polyol used in a wide range of industrial applications. It was discovered in the early 20th century and plays a vital role in the manufacture of various polymers and coatings due to its unique chemical properties.

Trimethylolpropane was first synthesized in 1912 by chemist Herbert J. A. J. S. Beyer, who explored the potential of this compound for use in chemical reactions. TMP is a white crystalline solid with the chemical formula C₁₂H₂₀O₃. Its discovery marked a major advancement in the field of polyol chemistry and laid the foundation for numerous applications.

The characteristic of trimethylolpropane is that it has three hydroxyl (-OH) groups, which makes it highly reactive during polymerization. It has a melting point of 10-12°C and is soluble in water and many organic solvents. Its chemical structure enables it to form strong crosslinks with other molecules, making it ideal for use in a variety of chemical reactions and formulations.

TMP is mainly used in the production of polyurethanes. As a key ingredient in polyurethane formulations, it helps to create flexible foams, coatings, and adhesives. The compound is able to form three bonds with isocyanates, resulting in a durable and resilient material that can be used in everything from furniture cushioning to automotive parts.

In the coatings industry, trimethylolpropane is used to enhance the performance of paints and varnishes. It helps improve hardness, durability, and abrasion and chemical resistance. This makes TMP-based coatings suitable for industrial and commercial applications where performance and longevity are critical.

TMP is also used in the formulation of adhesives and sealants. Its chemical reactivity facilitates the bonding of dissimilar materials, providing a strong, reliable bond. This is particularly valuable in the construction and automotive industries, where high-strength adhesives are required.

In resin manufacturing, TMP is used to produce alkyds and other types of thermosetting resins. These resins are essential for producing durable plastics and composites used in a variety of applications, including consumer products and industrial parts.

Research on trimethylolpropane continues to explore its potential in emerging technologies such as renewable materials and environmentally friendly formulations. Innovations in polyol chemistry could lead to new applications and improve the performance of TMP-based products.

References

2024. Anticorrosive coating from mussel-inspired hyperbranched epoxy resin with high mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Journal of Materials Science, 59(37).
DOI: 10.1007/s10853-024-10412-1

2024. Synthesis and characterization of hyperbranched thiol hardener and their curing behavior in thiol-epoxy. Macromolecular Research, 32(10).
DOI: 10.1007/s13233-024-00334-x

2024. A Comprehensive Review on Biobased Hyperbranched Polymers. Polymer Bulletin, 81(3).
DOI: 10.1007/s00289-024-05293-y