Neem Oil
[CAS# 8002-65-1]

Identification

• Classification: Natural product
• Name: Neem Oil
• CAS Registry Number: 8002-65-1
• EC Number: 616-798-4

Safety Data

Hazard Classification

Hazard	Class	Category Code	Hazard Statement
Reproductive toxicity	Repr.	2	H361
Chronic hazardous to the aquatic environment	Aquatic Chronic	4	H413

Discovory and Applicatios

Neem oil is a naturally occurring substance derived from the seeds of the neem tree (Azadirachta indica), a species native to the Indian subcontinent and widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. The use of neem and its derivatives has been documented for centuries, particularly in traditional agricultural and medicinal practices. The extraction of neem oil involves mechanical pressing or solvent extraction of neem seeds, yielding a dark brown to greenish-yellow oil with a distinctive, pungent odor. The primary bioactive compounds in neem oil include azadirachtin, nimbin, and salannin, among others, which contribute to its diverse applications.

The historical use of neem oil dates back to ancient Indian and Southeast Asian cultures, where it was applied in agriculture, medicine, and personal care. Traditional texts describe its role in pest control, wound healing, and skin care. The widespread utility of neem oil led to its study and recognition in modern scientific literature, confirming many of its traditional uses through chemical analysis and experimental research.

One of the most significant applications of neem oil is in agriculture, where it functions as a natural pesticide and insect repellent. Azadirachtin, the major active component, disrupts insect growth and reproduction, making neem oil effective against a wide range of pests, including aphids, whiteflies, and caterpillars. Unlike synthetic pesticides, neem oil does not kill insects immediately but interferes with their hormonal systems, reducing feeding and reproduction. This mode of action makes it a preferred choice in integrated pest management and organic farming. Additionally, neem oil has been used to protect stored grains from infestations, a practice supported by research demonstrating its effectiveness in preventing damage by storage pests.

Neem oil also finds application in personal care products, including soaps, shampoos, and skin treatments. Its antimicrobial and moisturizing properties have led to its incorporation into formulations aimed at addressing skin conditions such as acne, eczema, and dandruff. The fatty acid composition of neem oil, which includes oleic, linoleic, and palmitic acids, contributes to its emollient properties, making it a valuable ingredient in cosmetics. Additionally, research has documented neem oil’s antifungal and antibacterial effects, supporting its traditional use in treating minor wounds and infections.

In veterinary medicine, neem oil has been investigated for its potential in managing parasites and skin conditions in animals. Studies have shown that formulations containing neem oil can be used as natural alternatives to chemical-based tick and flea repellents. Its application in animal care is particularly relevant for organic livestock farming, where synthetic pesticides and medications are restricted.

The industrial sector has also explored neem oil’s potential in diverse applications. It has been used as a component in biodegradable lubricants, eco-friendly paints, and natural household cleaners. The presence of bioactive compounds with antimicrobial properties makes neem oil a suitable ingredient for formulations requiring natural preservation. Research continues to explore its effectiveness in various industrial applications, particularly in sustainable and environmentally friendly product development.

While neem oil has demonstrated a range of beneficial applications, its use requires careful handling due to its potent bioactive compounds. High concentrations may cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals, and ingestion of large amounts is not recommended due to potential toxic effects. Regulatory agencies in various countries have established guidelines for its use in agriculture and personal care to ensure safety and efficacy.

The discovery and widespread application of neem oil highlight its importance as a natural product with diverse functional properties. From traditional practices to modern scientific validation, neem oil remains a valuable resource in agriculture, medicine, personal care, and industry. The ongoing research into its bioactive components and potential new applications continues to support its role as an effective and sustainable natural product.